Abstract:Immune checkpoint blockades can induce long lasting responses but only in a fraction of patients owing to deficient of antibody as well as the neglect of immune suppressive cells. Nextgeneration immune checkpoint blockades, including FcγR-binding anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1）/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, coinhibitors of immune checkpoint, small-molecule modulators and antibody-drugs conjugated with PD-1/PD-L1, will overcome the deficiencies of current antiPD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and will become the direction of immunotherapy in the future.

Key words:Neoplasms,Therapy,Allergy and immunology