Neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery is a very promising clinical treatment strategy for esophageal cancer. Combined with its effectiveness and safety, neoadjuvant radiotherapy can be used as a treatment method for severe esophageal cancer and unresectable esophageal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has a higher value in the treatment of adenocarcinoma. Neoadjuvant cheoradiotherapy can be used as the recommended treatment scheme for patients with squamous cancer.