Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Although clinicians select multimodal treatment, the overall prognosis of most patients is still very poor, especially glioblastoma (GB), which is related to the biological characteristics of glioma. Genomic alterations have been confirmed to be closely related to the tumorigenesis of GB. Different gene expression has a guiding therapeutic and prognostic predictive function for gliomas, so the deeper understanding of the relationship between genes and diseases behind gliomas will enable us to explore potential individualized targeted therapies for patients.