Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated the ability to significantly improve survival across a range of cancers. So predictive markers are required to guide treatment decisions. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is recently developed to predict immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer. The pre-treatment LIPI is a convenient prognostic marker able to idenjpgy ICIs-treated patient groups with significantly different survival and response outcomes.