ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ixazomib-based therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma （RRMM）.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on the efficacy and adverse reactions of 53 RRMM patients treated with a combined regimen containing ixazomib in the Hematology Department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 8, 2018 to November 30, 2020. Among them, 6 patients received ID regimen （ixazomib + dexamethasone）, 30 patients received ID regimen + immunomodulator, and 17 patients received ID regimen + other chemotherapy drugs.ResultsFifty-three patients with RRMM received ixazomib-based therapy. The median previous treatment line was 3, the median treatment course was 6 （2-30）, and the median follow-up time was 21 months （2-32 months）. The overall response rate （ORR） was 54.7% （29/53） after 2 courses of treatment. Among them, 26.4% （14/53） had very good partial response （VGPR） and 28.3% （15/53） had partial response （PR）. The ORR of the ID regimen group, ID regimen + immunomodulator group and ID regimen + other chemotherapy group were 83.3% （5/6）, 56.7% （17/30） and 41.2% （7/17） respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups （P=0.208）. The median time to progression （TTP） of 53 patients was 8 months （1-24 months）. The most frequent adverse events of ixazomib treatment were gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomit and diarrhea, with an incidence of 37.7% （20/53）, and the incidence of grade 3-4 was 5.7% （3/53）. The most common hematological adverse events were thrombocytopenia （15.1%, 8/53）, neutropenia （11.3%, 6/53） and anemia （9.4%, 5/53）. Grade 1-2 peripheral neurotoxicity occurred in only 7.5% （4/53） of patients.ConclusionIxazomib has good efficacy and safety for the patients with RRMM in the real world.