After the preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for local advanced rectal cancer, the down-staging of tumor is obvious, the rate of anal preservation and the local control rate are improved, and the side reactions are acceptable, but the individual clinical efficacy varies greatly. Recent studies have found that cyclooxygenase-2, G protein coupled receptor, P53 binding protein 1, fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, pro-grammed cell death factor 4, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, microRNA are related to the sensitivity of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer, which can predict the sensitivity of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy.