Cancer-associated fibroblasts （CAFs） is considered as a key factor for the severely limited efficacy in tumor radiotherapy. CAFs， as the primary stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment， can lead to tumor radiotherapy resistance by secreting a series of pro-tumor cytokines and nutrients， inhibiting anti-tumor immune response and remodeling extracellular matrix. Some progress has been made in the study of targeted CAFs sensitization radiotherapy，but the relevant study system is still imperfect. Therefore， a systematic exploration of the role of CAFs in tumor radiotherapy resistance and CAFs targeted therapy strategies can provide a basis for improving the current status of tumor radiotherapy resistance.