Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system， with the characteristics of insidious onset， high risk of recurrence and metastasis， and poor prognosis. In recent years， clinical researches related to targeted therapy for colorectal cancer of different molecular subtypes such as RAS， BRAF， MMR/MSI， HER2， MET， NTRK， and POLE/POLD1 have all achieved certain results. Besides， the exploration of the combined application of molecular targeted therapy for colorectal cancer and other therapies is also continuously carried out. Clarifying the mechanism of action and clinical application progress of molecular targeted therapy for colorectal cancer can provide a more reliable basis for formulating clinical treatment plans for colorectal cancer patients.