Objective: To study and analyze the clinical effect of anesthesia induction combined with dexmedetomidine in thoracolumbar fracture surgery, focusing on the effect on hemodynamics and recovery process of patients during periextubation. Methods: 106 cases of thoracolumbar fracture surgery patients received by the department of orthopedics in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into routine group (normal saline) and study group (dextromethorhomidine), 53 cases each.In the study group, Dexmedetomidine was added on the basis of general anesthesia to observe the time of recovery, extubation time, blood pressure, heart rate changes, etc. Results: When the blood pressure at T ₂was higher than T ₀, the heart rate was lower than T ₀( P＜0.05), but there was no difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups ( P＞0.05).The study group had a significantly lower score for restlessness and longer wake time and extubation time than the control group ( P＜0.05).The dosage of dextrometomidine was not correlated with heart rate and blood pressure, but positively correlated with extubation time and wake time, and negatively correlated with agitation score. Conclusion: For thoracolumbar fracture patients under general anesthesia, dextromethorax can help patients stabilize their blood pressure and heart rate during peritubal extubation and improve their resuscitation process. It has a good effect and is worthy of clinical attention and wide application.