Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of Oct4 protein and analyze the clinic pathological features and prognosis in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods Oct4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of 87 specimens of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 15 specimens of adjacent normal tissues. A correlation between Oct4 and clinic pathological features was analyzed. Results The positive rate of Oct4 protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer than that in normal bladder tissue（P<0.01）. The positive rate of Oct4 protein was 40.7% in G1 bladder cancer, 69.4% in G2 bladder cancer and 91.7% in G3 bladder cancer, of which the differences was significant (P<0.01). All patients were followed up for 3-78 months, and 63 of them relapsed. The expression of Oct4 protein was significantly higher in patients of recurrence than in non-recurrence (77.8%vs.37.5%,P<0.01). 21 patients of recurrence were in progression, and the expression of Oct4 protein had no significant differences between patients of progression and non-progression (71.4%vs65.2%,P>0.05). The positive rate of Oct4 protein was not related with sex, age, tumor number and size (P>0.05). Conclusion The detection of Oct4 protein is in favor of early detection of bladder tumor, estimation the degree of differentiation and surveillance for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.