ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical pathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma with bioinformatics， and to validate its expression and clinical pathology with immunohistochemistry.MethodsUsing the GEPIA database to analyze the quantitative expression of PD-L1 mRNA in the database， and validate it with immunohistochemical methods； Using Te Kaplan Meier Plotter to evaluate the impact of PD-L1 expression on the prognostic value of lung adenocarcinoma； Analyzing immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma with Timer2.0； Differential analysis of the expression of different subtypes of PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma was performed by the TCGA module of the UALCAN database.ResultsBioinformatics showed that the expression of PD-L1 in cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue. Immunohistochemical results showed that PD-L1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissue， but low or no expression was observed in adjacent tissues. The expression of PD-L1 was not significantly different by age， sex， clinical stage and lymph node metastasis， but its expression was significantly correlated with the overall survival OS and first progressive survival FP of patients.ConclusionPD-L1 expression affects the survival prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate potential targets and related mechanisms of Leonurus for treating intrauterine adhesion （IUA） by microRNAs differential analysis， network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.MethodsDifferent mirnas of IUA and healthy people were screened based on GEO database， and target genes were predicted by multiMiR. TCMSP database was used to search the active ingredients and related targets of Leonurus， and the intersection with miRNA target genes was obtained. The STRING platform was used for protein interaction analysis， and cytoNCA was used to screen key targets. GO and KEGG analysis was based on R language. CB-dock2 was used for molecular docking of key targets and active ingredients.ResultsA total of 43 different mirnas related to IUA were screened， and 13 intersection targets of IUA were predicted by target genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results showed that the mechanism of Leonurus treatment of IUA was mainly related to cell aging， MAPK signaling pathway， PI3K-Akt signaling pathway， etc. The three characteristic active components arachidonic acid， kaempferol， quercetin and corresponding target proteins （CDK4， AHR， MYC， VEGFA） in the protein interaction network were docked， and the molecular docking results showed that the main active components could bind to the core target， showing a good affinity.ConclusionThe results of multi-component， multi-target and multi-pathway interaction of Leonurus in the treatment of IUA further confirmed the scientificity and effectiveness of Leonurus in the treatment of IUA， thus providing research ideas for the follow-up experiment setting.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasia after stroke through Meta-analysis.MethodsFrom the establishment of the database to October 2023， articles on transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasia after stroke were searched from eight literature databases： CNKI， China Biomedical Literature Database， Wanfang Database， VIP database， PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase and Web of Science. After literature screening， Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4 software.ResultsA total of seven randomized controlled trials were included， involving 258 patients.ResultsMeta-analysis showed that the CCAT score of the intervention group was better than that of the control group after receiving low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （MD= 1.50， 95%CI：1.046， 1.960，P< 0.001）， among which， session （MD= 1.62， 95%CI：0.60， 2.63，P= 0.002）. Description （MD= 1.86， 95%CI：1.30， 2.42，P <0.001），（MD= 2.54， 95%CI：1.96， 3.12，P< 0.001）， repeat（MD= 0.99， 95%CI：0.45， 1.52，P< 0.001）， spontaneous writing（MD= 1.28， 95%CI：0.81， 1.75，P< 0.001）， match （MD= -0.41， 95%CI：-0.74， -0.08，P= 0.01）. WAB-AQ score no statistical significance（MD= -2.44， 95%CI：-25.33， 20.45，P= 0.83）.ConclusionLow-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can effectively improve the speech function of patients with aphasia after stroke in terms of conversation， description， expression， repetition and spontaneous writing.
ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of myopia among children and adolescents in Zibo City and to analyze the influencing factors of myopia in terms of age， gender， and school distribution between urban and rural areas.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted， involving 60 899 primary and secondary school students aged 6－18 years from Zhangdian District， Gaoqing County， and Yiyuan County in Zibo City， which all underwent visual acuity examinations and non-cycloplegic refraction assessments. According to current medical standards， myopia below 300 degrees is classified as low myopia， myopia between 300－600 degrees is classified as moderate myopia， and myopia above 600 degrees is classified as high myopia. This study usedχ2tests to analyze the differences among categorical variables. The binary logistic regression method was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors of myopia， andP< 0.05 was used to indicate that the differences which were statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence rates of myopia， high myopia， and poor vision were found to be 66.31%， 4.63%， and 41.05% respectively， which was increased with higher grade and age. The prevalence of myopia in high school students was above 90%， while the prevalence of hyperopia has shown an inverse relationship. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that elder age， higher grade， girl students， and urban schooling were risk factors for myopia.ConclusionThe rates of myopia， high myopia， and poor sight among students in Zibo City are relatively high， particularly during the senior middle school. Myopia has become an urgent social problem that calls for targeted， comprehensive prevention and control measures.
Metabolic syndrome （MetS） is a syndrome that includes insulin resistance， central obesity， hypertension and dyslipidemia. MetS is widespread around the world. It not only increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） but also raises the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality in patients. MetS is a systemic metabolic disorder and involves multiple organ dysfunctions. The perioperative risk of patients with MetS increases significantly， which brings difficulties and challenges to anesthesia management. Therefore， it is of significance for anesthesiologists to identify and accurately evaluate the associated anesthesia risks of patients with MetS at an early stage. This article reviews the diagnosis， pathogenesis， perioperative risks， and management strategies of MetS， based on the revelant studies at home and abroad.
Pregnancy is well recognized as a complex physiological process.Qxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant，while early placental formation occurs under a physiological hypoxia environment.This low oxygen condition intersect with the most critical stages of placental development，i.e.，blastocyst implantation，cytotrophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Disharmony of any step in early gestation will result in adverse pregnancy outcomes.In this review，we aim to highlight how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival，fate and function of trophoblast cells arising from the fetus.Understanding the roles of physiological hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause of some pregnancy disorders，such as spontaneous abortion，preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
Pyroptosis is a form of cell death that is essential for immunity. It can be induced by the typical inflammatory vesicles of cysteinyl asparagin1 （caspase1） or by cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide （LPS） activating cysteinyl asparagin4， cysteinyl asparagin5 and cysteinyl asparagin11 （caspase4， caspase5， and caspase11）. The activated caspase cleaves members of the gasdermin （GSDM） protein family， and the cleaved N-terminal fragments can pore in the cell membrane， resulting in cell pyroptosis， accompanied by the activation and release of inflammatory factors in this process. Recently， members of the GSDM family have been extensively studied， and the study of pyroptosis has also been deepening. The discovery that drugs can induce pyroptosis in gastric cancer cells provides new perspectives for the chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Pyroptosis induces tumor cell death and the accompanying inflammatory response exacerbates its death， but this inflammatory response may be a double-edged sword， and the over-activation of the inflammatory response can promote the development of tumor cells. Therefore， this article reviews the mechanism of pyroptosis and its effect in gastric cancer development， aiming to provide ideas for the development of new pyroptosis-based drugs for gastric cancer patients.
Multiple myeloma （MM） is the second most common hematological malignancy， accounting for about 10% of hematological malignancies. The characteristic of MM is a patchy tumor infiltration pattern in the bone marrow， with occasional extramedullary dissemination. In other words， bone marrow aspirates collected from a single site usually cannot provide a comprehensive genetic profile of the tumor， and bone marrow cannot be repeatedly aspirated. Liquid biopsy （LB） has the characteristics of being non-invasive， dynamic， repeatable， and low-risk， and it has excellent clinical application prospects in tumor diagnosis， progression， treatment efficacy， prognosis， and other aspects. At present， the detection of multiple myeloma mostly uses bone marrow aspiration smear， which will cause trauma to patients and cannot dynamically monitor the efficacy of drugs in patients and has certain limitations. This article elaborates on the application of LB in the diagnosis， treatment， and prognosis evaluation of MM.
In 2020 an international panel of experts recommended that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease be renamed metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） and proposed a new set of positive diagnostic criteria. The pathophysiology of MAFLD involves a variety of factors such as environment， genetics， metabolism， and gut microbiome. Microbe-derived metabolites may play an important role in the development of MAFLD. This article reviews the mechanisms of bile acids， short-chain fatty acids， tryptophan， choline， endotoxin， and ethanol as gut microbiota metabolites leading to the development of MAFLD and related treatment progress.
Portal vein thrombosis （PVT） is a thrombosis in the main portal vein and branches of the portal vein within the liver， with or without mesenteric and splenic vein involvement， characterized by partial or complete occlusion of the portal vein. It is a common and serious complication in patients with cirrhosis， and its incidence is positively correlated with the severity of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombosis can worsen liver function in cirrhotic patients， exacerbate portal hypertension and lead to variceal bleeding associated with portal hypertension， which may increase the risk of acute cirrhotic failure， and it can also make liver transplantation more difficult and reduce the survival rate of the recipient， making early detection and prevention of PVT particularly important. However， as PVT often has an insidious onset and there are usually no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stages， it is difficult to diagnose PVT based on the clinical presentation； therefore， it is crucial to study serological indicators reflecting potential thrombosis， as all venous thrombosis is multifactorial due to the components of the Virchow triad： hypercoagulable state， endothelial damage and reduced blood flow. This article provides a review of recent studies on risk factors for PVT formation and serological indicators for early prediction.
