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25 November 2021, Volume 42 Issue 11

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Basic Researches

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Effect of Sijunzi granules on STC-1 cell apoptosis induced by palmitic acid

Ping Yuan, Xu Zhang, Baolu Tang, Xiaoyu Qi, Mingyue Ma, Shuguo Zheng

2021, 42(11):  801-806.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.001

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To observe the effect of Sijunzi granules on STC-1 cell （small intestine endocrine cell line） apoptosis induced by palmitic acid and the possible mechanisms implicated.

SD rats were given Sijunzi granules （5.25 g/kg， 10.5 g/kg） intragastrically for 7 days to prepare Sijunzi granules-containing serum. Following pre-incubation with Sijunzi granules-containing serum for 24 h， STC-1 cells were exposed to palmitic acid （0.4 mmol/L） for 72 h. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay and cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry．The levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity were measured colorimetrically using commercially available kits and the protein contents of p-PERK， CHOP， Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot analysis.

Pre-incubation with Sijunzi granules-containing serum resulted in a significant alleviation of STC-1 cell injury and apoptosis induced by palmitic acid （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）. The levels of p-PERK， CHOP and Bax protein and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were markedly down-regulated in cells treated with Sijunzi granules-containing serum （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）， while the level of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated evidently （P < 0.05 or P < 0.01）.

Sijunzi granules can ameliorate palmitic acid induced injury and apoptosis in STC-1 cells， which may be derived from suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathway.

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Effects of paeoniflorin on lipopolysaccharide-induced SH-SY5Y cell

Ge Song, Wei Gao, Yaru Ji, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Tingting Yan, Xiaoyan Xu

2021, 42(11):  807-810.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.002

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To study the protective effect of paeoniflorin （PF） on the proliferation of SH-SY5Y （LPS）-induced neuroma cells （SH-SY5Y） and its mechanism.

Lipopolysaccharide induced cell injury model was prepared. The morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells were observed by microscope. Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was determined by CCK-8. The expressions of NLRP3， Bax and Bcl2 in each group of cells were analyzed by blot （Western）.

Paeoniflorin had different protective effect on injury of SH-SY5Y cells； the expressions of NLRP3 and Bax in the LSP group increased significantly； different doses of LPS could decrease the expressions of NLRP3 and Bax and increase the expression of Bc12.

Paeoniflorin has protective effects on LPS induced SH-SY5Y cell injury， which may be related to the reduction of inflammation related protein expression.

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Pathomechanism research of osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty

Qingfu Zhang, Jingguo Wu, Min Zhang, Xishan Zhang

2021, 42(11):  811-815.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.003

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To study the pathomechanism of osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty.

Living adult sheep were purchased （4 male and female in each，40～50 kg in weight， all sacrificed on the same day）， an anterioposterior and lateral X-ray was taken to rule out congenital malformation， tumor/fracture， etc.， and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry （dexa） was used to determine the bone density of each specimen. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt decalcified in vitro was used to simulate vertebral osteoporosis， short-term manufacturing model of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures， and the muscle and soft tissue on both sides of the vertebrae specimen connected to the thoracic spine specimen were removed and ribs. T₃～T₉， and T₁₀～L₄ were the two groups， and preparation of 16 specimens of the experiments was made. In each group of a vertebral compression fractures （T₆ or L₁）， line PKP was used to restore the height of vertebral compression fractures. The artificial spinal vertebrae of the specimen were fixed at both ends. The test system （Mini Bionix） and spinal multi-channel test system were used for flexion/extension， axial load， rotation movement， as well as fatigue test of the specimens to obtain static and dynamic test data for statistical analysis. The recurrence of vertebral fractures and the relationship with strengthened vertebrae were observed.

The vertebrae fracture incidence， cancellous bone maximum von Mises stress and the maximum von Mises stress of cortical bone vertebrae of T₁₀～L₄ group were higher significantly than those in T₃～T₉ groups， which were statistically significant （P < 0.05）； In order to remain upright， vertical ridge strength of T₁₀～L₄ group was obviously higher than that of T₃～T₉ group， which was statistically significant （P < 0.05）； The difference in intervertebral disc pressure， the maximum von Mises stress and endplate between T₁₀～L₄ group and T₃～T₉ groups was significant （P < 0.05）.

The thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture is more likely in T₁₀～L₄ than that in T₃～T₉， and the recurrence of vertebral fracture is associated with the ability to withstand stress， which can guide the clinical prevention and treatment.

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Construction of a Nomogram prediction model for male breast cancer based on molecular typing： a SEER study

Dongxue Wang, Jingnan Wang, Qianqian Shen, Yuping Sun

2021, 42(11):  816-822.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.004

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To analyze the prognostic factors in male breast cancer patientsand to develop a reliable Nomogram based on molecular subtypes to predict male breast cancer， thus helping clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Based on data from the surveillance， epidemiology， and end results （SEER） database， breast cancer patients between 2010 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The factors affecting the overall survival rate of male breast cancer were screened and modeled by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The Nomogram prediction model was performed by R software. Using the C-index， calibration curves were used to evaluate the consistency and predictive ability of the Nomogram prediction model.

3 029 patients with breast cancer were included. Molecular subtypes Luminal A， Luminal B， HER2 overexpressing and triple negative breast cancer accounted for 84.9%， 12.1%， 0.9% and 2.1%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age （P < 0.001）， marital status （P = 0.001）， histologic grade（P < 0.001）， type of surgery （P < 0.001）， tumor invasion and spread （P = 0.026）， T staging （P < 0.001）， molecular subtype （P < 0.001）， tumor size （P = 0.001）， and bone metastasis （P = 0.024） were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. A Nomogram predictive model was established based on the significant clinicopathological parameters obtained by multivariate Cox regression to evaluate the competitive risk affecting overall survival and to quantify survival differences. The internal verification results of the Nomogram prediction model show that the C-index was 7.477 （95% CI： 0.722 ~ 0.772）， and the correction curves of 3 years and 5 years show that the line diagram had good prediction ability.

Nomogram model has good prediction ability and can be used as a tool for prognosis monitoring of male breast cancer patients.

Clinical Researches

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Clinical study on cardiotoxicity of different anthracycline containing chemotherapy regimens in patients with breast cancer

Tihe Zhao, Dongxu Wang, Xiangqi Li

2021, 42(11):  823-828.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.005

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To contrast and analyze the effects of different chemotherapy regimens containing anthracycline on myocardial injury in breast cancer patients so as to provide reference for rational selection of anthracycline regimen in clinical practice and reduce the occurrence of cardiotoxicity.

A total of 208 breast cancer patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracycline containing chemotherapy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into epirubicin group （53 cases）， THP group （72 cases） and LD group （83 cases）， the changes of myocardial enzymes （LDH， α-HBDH， CK， CK-MB， AST） and echocardiography in the three groups before and after chemotherapy were compared and analyzed.

Compared with before chemotherapy， the five items of myocardial enzymes in all groups were significantly increased （P < 0.05）. The five items of myocardial enzymes in LD group were lower than those in EPI group and THP group （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in myocardial enzyme indexes between EPI group and THP group （P > 0.05）. The ratio of left atrial systolic filling peak （E/A） in EPI group and THP group was lower than that before chemotherapy. The E/A ratio in LD group was significantly lower than that in LD group （P < 0.05）.

Doxorubicin liposomes have better cardiac safety than epirubicin and pirarubicin， and there is a similar risk of cardiac injury between epirubicin and pirarubicin.

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The efficacy and safety of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia

Jinming Yu, Jing Wan, Jiawei Chen, NiuYahui

2021, 42(11):  829-832.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.006

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To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） in the treatment of cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

From June 2019 to December 2020， 60 patients with chronic schizophrenia admitted to Zhongshan Third People' s Hospital were taken as subjects， and according to the number table method， they were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group was treated with olanzapine， and the observation group was treated with rTMS. The efficacy and safety of the two groupswere compared.

The total effective rate of the observation group was 90.00% （27/30）， which was higher than that of the control group （66.67%， 20/30）， P < 0.05）. The positive and negative symptom scale （PANSS） positive symptoms， negative symptoms， general psychopathological scores and total scores of the two groups decreased after treatment， and the observation group was lower than the control group （P < 0.05）. The scores of immediate memory， visual spatial structure， language， attention， and delayed memory and total scores of the two groups increased after treatment on the Neuropsychological State Rating Scale （RBANS）， and they were higher in the observation group than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. After 4 weeks of intervention， the TESS score of the observation group was （3.19 ± 1.65） points， which was lower than that in the control group ［（4.78 ± 1.45） points， P < 0.05］.

rTMS has an ideal curative effect in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia， which can improve patients' symptoms， enhance cognitive function， and has high safety.

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The clinical effect of low molecular weight heparin calcium and rivaroxaban in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism and its influence on the level of D-dimer

Huijin Liu, Huimin Shi

2021, 42(11):  833-836.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.007

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To analyze the clinical effect of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium and rivaroxaban in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism and its influence on the level of D-dimer.

Eighty-eight patients with acute pulmonary embolism admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects. According to the number table method， they were divided into control group and observation group， with 44 cases in each. The control group were given low molecular weight heparin calcium and Hua Farin combined therapy， the observation group was given low-molecular-weight heparin calcium and rivaroxaban combined therapy， and the total effective rates of treatment， coagulation function indexes， and inflammatory factor levels of the two groups were compared and analyzed.

After 6 months of treatment，the total effective rate of the observation group was 97.73% （43/44）， which was significantly higher than that of the control group 84.09% （37/44） （P < 0.05）； the prothrombin time and serum fiber of the observation group were higher than those of the control group， and the level of serum D-dimer was lower than that of the control group （P < 0.05）； the serum C-reactive protein， tumor necrosis factor alpha，and interleukin-10 levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group （P < 0.05）.

The combination of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium and rivaroxaban in the treatment of patients with acute pulmonary embolism has a significant effect， which can not only accelerate the recovery of blood coagulation function，but also reduce inflammation.

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Application value of periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontitis

Xiang LI

2021, 42(11):  837-840.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.008

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To analyze the value of periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontitis.

Fifty-five patients with periodontitis who were admitted from August 2018 to August 2019 and underwent periodontal tissue regeneration were used as the control group，and received and underwent periodontal tissue regeneration. Fifty-five patients with periodontitis treated by periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics from September 2019 to September 2020 were used as the observation group to analyze the infla mmatory cytokines，periodontal indicators，treatment effects，and complications between the groups.

（1） After 3 months of treatment，the infla mmatory cytokines and periodontal indexes of the observation group were better than those of the control group （P < 0.05）； （2） 3 cases of the observation group were invalid （5.45%），and 11 cases of the control group were invalid （20.00%） （P < 0.05） ； （3） The incidence of complications in the observation group （10.91%） and the control group （12.73%） were not significantly different （P > 0.05）.

Periodontal tissue regeneration combined with orthodontics has a good effect on improving the periodontal indexes of patients with periodontitis，and can reduce the level of infla mmatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid. The effect is significant，safe and reliable.

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Effect of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominal fascia block combined with dexmedetomidine on pain and recovery after laparoscopic weight loss surgery in obese patients

Hui Zhang, Wenwen Zhang, He Liu, Zhiping Wang

2021, 42(11):  841-844.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.009

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To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided abdominal transverse fascia block combined with dexmedetomidine on pain and recovery after laparoscopic weight loss surgery in obese patients.

Ninety patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in our hospital from January 2019 to November 2020 were randomly divided into experimental group （n = 45） and control group （n = 45）. The patients in the control group underwent bilateral transverse abdominal fascia block under ultrasound guidance after anesthesia induction， and on this basis，the experimental group were also combined with dexmedetomidine. The postoperative analgesic effect and anesthetic recovery quality of the two groups were compared.

The VAS score and OAA/S score of the experimental group at 1 h， 6 h， 12 h and 24 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group （P < 0.05）； The pressing times and first pressing time of analgesic pump in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group， and the first exhaust time， the first time to go to the ground， the first time to eat and the length of hospital stay in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group （P < 0.05）； The scores of five evaluation factors and total scores of qor-40 recovery quality questionnaire in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group， and the pain score was significantly lower than that in the control group （P < 0.05）.

Ultrasound-guided abdominal transverse fascia block combined with dexmedetomidine has a good effect on analgesia and sedation after laparoscopic weight loss. It can effectively reduce postoperative pain， reduce the dosage of postoperative opioids， and promote the quality of postoperative recovery in obese patients， which is worthy of clinical recommendation.

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Efficacy and safety of sacubatrovalsartan sodium combined with creatine phosphate in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure

Xiaoju Liang, Huiping Hu, Jun Han

2021, 42(11):  845-848.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.010

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To investigate the efficacy and safety of sacubatrovalsartan sodium and creatine phosphate in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure.

102 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure treated in our hospital from October 2018 to October 2020 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group was treated with sacubatrovalsartan sodium and the observation group was treated with creatine phosphate. The therapeutic efficacy and safety were compared.

The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.12%， which was higher than that of the control group （80.39%） （P < 0.05）. After treatment，the levels of left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and volume per stroke （SV） increased，and the left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDd） and left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVESD） decreased in the two groups. The change range of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （P < 0.05）. After treatment，the levels of amino acid terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor （NT proBNP） and heart fatty acid binding protein （H-FABP） in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. After treatment， the quality of life score and 6-min walking distance （6MWD） in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 5.88%，which had no significant difference compared with the control group （9.80%） （P > 0.05）.

The efficacy of salkubatrol， valsartan sodium and creatine phosphate in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with heart failure is ideal，which can improve the cardiac function and motor ability of patients，and the safety of treatment is high.

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Observation on the effect of laparoscopic choledochoscope on cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis

Jun Li

2021, 42(11):  849-852.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.011

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To observe the effect of laparoscopic choledochoscope on cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis.

The clinical data of 102 patients with cholecystolithiasis complicated with choledocholithiasis were retrospectively analyzed，among which 50 patients underwent open surgery （control group） and 52 patients underwent laparoscopic choledocholithiasis （observation group）. The surgical conditions，changes in the body stress response， postoperative complications and recurrence of the two groups were compared.

Compared with the control group， the operation time， hospital stay and gastrointestinal function recovery time in the observation group were significantly shortened， the amount of intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced， postoperative pain relief was more obvious，and the pain VAS score 1d after surgery was significantly decreased （P < 0.05）. The serum levels of TNF-α and CRP were increased on postoperative day 1，and the degree of increase was more obvious in the control group than in the observation group （P < 0.05）. The serum levels of TNF-α and CRP in 2 groups were significantly decreased on day 7 after operation，and the degree of decrease in the observation group was more obvious （P < 0.05）. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group and the control group were 3.85% （2/52） and 20.00% （10/50） respectively， with fewer complications in the observation group （P < 0.05）. No recurrence was observed in the observation group，and the recurrence rate in the control group was significantly increased （P < 0.05）.

The treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis by laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy is more effective，which is beneficial to reduce trauma， relieve postoperative pain， reduce postoperative stress reaction and have fewer complications.

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Clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with terbutaline sulfate in the treatment of infant bronchiolitis by nebulization inhalation

Wenyu Peng

2021, 42(11):  853-856.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.012

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To observe the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with terbutaline sulfate in the treatment of infant bronchiolitis.

A total of 60 infants with bronchiolitis were included from January 2018 to December 2019. They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group， with 30 cases in each. The control group received routine treatment while the observation group received budesonide combined with terbutaline sulfate atomization inhalation. The time of disappearance of clinical symptoms， the changes of inflammatory factors before and after treatment and the therapeutic effect were compared between the two groups.

There were significant differences in the disappearance time of cough， wheezing， dyspnea and lung wheezing between the observation group and the control group （P < 0.05）； TNF in children-α， the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 inflammatory factors decreased after treatment. Compared with those before the treatment， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. The indexes of the observation group were lower than those of the control group （P < 0.05）； The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （93.3% vs 70.0%）， and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）.

Budesonide combined with terbutaline sulfate atomization inhalation in the treatment of infant bronchiolitis can significantly improve the level of inflammatory factors in children and is beneficial to accelerate the disappearance of symptoms. The effect is reliable and worthy of clinical promotion.

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Analysis of the preventive effect of olive oil-labeled thoracic duct used in patients with esophageal cancer on the prevention of postoperative chylothorax before radical resection of esophageal cancer under thoracoscopic surgery

Jing Liu, Haiyan Yu, Meixiu Zhang

2021, 42(11):  857-860.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.013

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To treat patients with esophageal cancer with thoracoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer， and， to analyze the application value of olive oil to label the thoracic duct before operation.

From February 2018 to March 2020， 130 patients with esophageal cancer treated in Hefei Eighth People's Hospital were divided into observation group and control group， with 65 cases in each group. Both groups of patients underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer. The observation group used olive oil to mark the thoracic duct 8 hours before the operation， and the control group did not use olive oil before the operation. The morphology of thoracic duct was observed， and the intraoperative thoracic duct exposure and chylothorax related complications were compared between the two groups.

Under endoscopy， the observation group showed fullness enlargementof the thoracic duct during the operation， which was easy to distinguish； during the operation， the control group showed that the thoracic duct was flat， small and difficult to distinguish. The intraoperative thoracic duct exposure rate was 92.31% in the observation group and 63.08% in the control group （P < 0.05）. In the observation group， the intraoperative visual chyle leakage rate was 3.08%， and the thoracic duct ligation rate was 4.62%. There was no postoperative chylothorax or secondary operations. The intraoperative visual chyle leakage rate and thoracic duct ligation rate were 18.46% in the control group. The postoperative chylothorax rate was 7.69%， and the second operation rate was 6.15%， and the difference was significant （P < 0.05）.

Before thoracoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer， the marking of the thoracic duct with olive oil can improve the display of thoracic duct during operation and reduce the occurrence of chylothorax， which is worthy of promotion.

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Effect of methylprednisolone on clinical efficacy，course of disease and adverse reactions in children with acute nephritis

Huasha Tao

2021, 42(11):  861-863.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.014

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To analyze the effect of methylprednisolone on the clinical efficacy， course and adverse reactions of acute nephritis in children.

One hundred children with acute nephritis admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table， with 50 patients in the control group treated with conventional western medicine， and 50 patients in the study group treated with methylprednisolone on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy， course of disease and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.

The total effective rate was 92.00% in the study group， which was higher than 76.00% in the control group （P < 0.05）. The blood pressure recovery time， protein disappearance time， edema disappearance time and gross hematuria disappearance time of the study group were shorter than those of the control group （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （P > 0.05）.

The application of methylprednisolone in children with acute nephritis can reduce the clinical symptoms of children and the occurrence of adverse reactions. The application effect is significant， and it is worth promoting in clinical use.

Public Health & Management

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An investigation on depression and blood pressure-related control behaviors among hypertensive patients in some rural areas of Anhui province

Ting Zhu, Xingrong Shen, Rong Liu, Jianjian Jiang, Debin Wang

2021, 42(11):  864-870.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.015

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To investigate the relationship between blood pressure， depression and blood pressure control behavior.

In 2019， 240 patients with hypertension were selected from three townships in Jieshou City， Anhui Province. Depression Scale and self-made blood pressure control behavioral structure questionnaire were used to investigate.

Diet control was positively correlated with body disorder score， smoking control and value disorder score （β = 0.164， β = 0.317）. Increased physical activity was negatively associated with value disorders， motivational disorders， and total depression scores （β =－0.235 ~ －0.172）. Control of alcohol consumption was positively correlated with comprehensive blood pressure grading and diastolic blood pressure grading （β = 0.297， β = 0.300）， while control of diet was negatively correlated （β =－0.154， β =－0.190）. There was a negative correlation between smoking control and comprehensive bp grading （β =－0.286）. Comprehensive grading of blood pressure was an obstacle to diet control （OR = 0.664）. Value barrier is an obstacle to increasing physical activity （OR = 0.870）. Motivation disorder was a contributing factor to alcohol and tobacco control （OR = 1.217， OR = 1.227）.

Blood pressure control behavior， depression and blood pressure have mutual influence. In order to improve the blood pressure management of hypertension patients， it is necessary to relieve their bad emotions and promote the implementation of control behavior.

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Investigation on deciduous tooth caries of children in a private kindergarten in Chuzhou and analysis of its influencing factors

Youyu Li, Nana Gan

2021, 42(11):  871-875.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.016

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To investigate the prevalence of deciduous teeth caries among children in a private kindergarten in Chuzhou and the related influencing factors and to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of deciduous teeth caries.

Oral health examination was conducted on all the children in the kindergarten， and oral health questionnaire survey was conducted on the parents of children to analyze the caries status of children's deciduous teeth and related influencing factors.

The caries rate of deciduous teeth in a private kindergarten in Chuzhou was 54.66%，with the average at 2.83. There was no significant difference in caries incidence between boys and girls （χ² = 0.034，P = 0.854）. There was a significant difference in the caries rate among different age groups （χ² = 8.625，P = 0.035），and the caries rate increased with the increase of age. All of these， whether they like to eat sweets and whether they brush their teeth frequently or not， and parents' educational level and family economic situation affect the occurrence of deciduous teeth caries，and the differences are statistically significant.

The incidence of deciduous teeth caries in a private kindergarten in Chuzhou City is 54.66%，which belongs to the medium level nationwide， and parents should actively learn oral health knowledge to help children develop good oral health habits and eating habits.

Review

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Progress of metformin for treatment of blood cancers

Shiquan Ding, Ling Wang

2021, 42(11):  876-880.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0005.2021.11.017

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Metformin is a first line drug of therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently more and more evidence indicates that metformin use has been found to be connected with a reduced incidence of cancer and cancer-related mortality in patients with or without diabetes. Moreover， studies indicate that metformin can also be used as a therapeutic agent in patients with leukemia， lymphomas and multiple myeloma. In this article， we review current treatments on the anticancer activities of metformin and the underlying mechanisms in blood cancers.