微型机器人在肿瘤治疗中的作用机制

国际肿瘤学杂志››2020,Vol. 47››Issue (10): 624-626.doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn371439-20191016-00090

微型机器人在肿瘤治疗中的作用机制

张百红¹(), 岳红云²

¹解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院肿瘤科,兰州 730050
²解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院眼科,兰州 730050

收稿日期:2019-10-16修回日期:2020-02-21出版日期:2020-10-08发布日期:2020-11-20
通讯作者:张百红 E-mail:bhzhang1999@126.com

Mechanisms of microrobot in cancer therapy

Zhang Baihong¹(), Yue Hongyun²

¹Department of Oncology, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
²Department of Ophthalmology, 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2019-10-16Revised:2020-02-21Online:2020-10-08Published:2020-11-20
Contact:Zhang Baihong E-mail:bhzhang1999@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微型机器人大小约几毫米到几微米,由纳米颗粒或分子物质构成,包括磁控细菌机器人、纳米马达、生物激活螺旋机器人、DNA纳米机器人、软体机器人和液态金属纳米机器人等不同类型,它们通过自给的动力在人体中输送药物、靶向肿瘤、操控细胞并最终清除肿瘤。微型机器人蜂群呈现从自我组织到自主运动的集体行为,未来将成为肿瘤精微治疗的主要方法。

关键词:肿瘤,分子马达蛋白质类,治疗,微型机器人,纳米机器人

Abstract:

Microrobots (from several millimetres down to a few micrometres in all dimensions) are constructed of nanoscale or molecular components and include various types of magneto-aerotactic bacteria microrobots, nanomotors, biohybrid magnetite microrobots, DNA nanorobots, soft-bodied robots and soft matter. Microrobots may enable applications in cargo delivery, targeting cancer, cellular manipulation and killing cancer. Microrobots swarms exhibit a variety of intriguing collective behaviors, and will serve as a functional bio-microrobot system for cancer "subtle therapy".

Key words:Neoplasms,Molecular motor proteins,Therapy,Microrobots,Nanorobotics

张百红, 岳红云. 微型机器人在肿瘤治疗中的作用机制[J]. 国际肿瘤学杂志, 2020, 47(10): 624-626.

Zhang Baihong, Yue Hongyun. Mechanisms of microrobot in cancer therapy[J]. Journal of International Oncology, 2020, 47(10): 624-626.

图/表1

表1

微型机器人的种类和功能"

种类	结构	动力	控制	功能
磁控细菌机器人	人造细菌鞭毛/趋磁细菌群	细菌鞭毛运动	磁场	输送药物^{[ 6 , 7 ]}、靶向肿瘤^{[ 14 ]}
纳米马达	金纳米棒共轭多孔硅纳米囊泡	静脉血流	近红外激光控	输送药物^{[ 8 ]}
	中孔氧化硅纳米	尿素酶	底物依赖	靶向肿瘤^{[ 15 ]}
	超支化聚酰胺	一氧化氮	光控	操控细胞^{[ 18 ]}
	萘酞菁	过氧化氢	光控	清除肿瘤^{[ 20 ]}
续生物激活螺旋机器人	螺旋藻包裹Fe₃O₄	化学能	磁场	靶向肿瘤^{[ 11 ]}
DNA纳米机器人	DNA适配体连接核仁素和凝血酶	DNA分子激动	内皮细胞	靶向肿瘤^{[ 12 ]}
软体机器人	软体	磁弹性	自控	操控细胞^{[ 16 ]}
液态金属纳米机器人	金属镓	类细菌自运动	超声场	清除肿瘤^{[ 21 ]}

表1

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