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08 January 2012, Volume 39 Issue 1 Previous IssueNext Issue

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A candidate tumor suppressor gene RIZ1 ZHU Xiao-Jian, LI Qiu-Bai, ZOU Ping 2012, 39 (1): 3-6. Abstract( 783) PDF(460KB) ( 1469) Save The retinoblastoma-protein-interacting zinc finger protein1 (RIZ1), a methyltransferase, contains the characteristic PR zinc finger domain. RIZ1 can methylate H3K9 of the histone, acted as a transcription suppression factor of cancers. Increasing numbers of human cancers are reported to hold decreased or absent RIZ1 expression, which is closely related to the progression of cancer. RIZ1 is defined as a candidate anti-oncogene. The mechanisms of the suppression involved in both oncocytogenetics and epigenetic changes. Related Articles|Metrics

Functions of the T helper 17 and the interleukin 17 in tumor immunity ZHAO Yong, ZHANG Ji-Ling, YIN Guang-Yue 2012, 39 (1): 6-8. Abstract( 770) PDF(425KB) ( 1765) Save The distributions and expression of the T helper 17 (Th17) cells and interleukin 17 (IL-17) are found in a verity of tumor tissues. However, their functions in tumorigenesis, which play anti-tumor or promote tumor roles, have not yet a final conclusion. Therefore, it is ecessary to go further study oftheir functions in tumor microenvirnment. It is wished that in the process of cancer treatment, people would hasten benefit avoids kill and improve the therapeutic effect. Related Articles|Metrics

Regulatory T cell and tumor immunity ZHANG Yuan-Li, GUAN Quan-Lin, ZHU Bing-Dong 2012, 39 (1): 8-11. Abstract( 790) PDF(458KB) ( 1677) Save Regulatory T cells (Treg), a group of negative regulatory cells, have four subsets: CD4 +Treg, CD8 +Treg, NKT Treg and DN Treg cells. They play an essential role in the inhibitive immune-regulation and might be the key factors of neoplasms immune escape. These mechanisms include inhibiting the effector cell function by inhibitory cytokines, killing effector cells by granzyme and perforin, competition and inhibiting IL-2, and affecting Treg differentiation and proliferation by regulating the function of CTLA-4, etc. Tumor immunotherapies targeting Treg and related immunosuppressive factors, such as remove Treg or controling the numbers and functions, enhances the immune response against tumors, which might offer a new method of tumor immunotherapy. Related Articles|Metrics

Nucleoporin and tumor WANG Fei, CHEN Chen, TAO Ze-Zhang 2012, 39 (1): 12-14. Abstract( 800) PDF(447KB) ( 1933) Save In eukaryotes, the cell’s material exchange has long existed inits proliferation and apoptosis, while the exchange of nucleus and cytoplasm only through the shuttle movement of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC in the nuclear membrane, achieves the protein, RNA and other substances’s transport task through the shuttle movement between nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotes. Specific nuclear pore proteins regulate specific transport path, and because of this, the transport and regulation through the NPC is highly selective and coordination, so the NPC play an important role in gene expression, cell signaling networks and maintain the environment. Some of them will change the structure properties of membrane, affecting mitosis, and some can be combined with the kinaseleading to abnormal biochemical reactions, or combined with other biological factors in angiogenesis, cell migration or apoptosis of cells leading to abnormal changes, and leading to tumorigenesis. Related Articles|Metrics

p21 activated kinase 4 and tumor HE Li-Fang, ZHANG Guo-Jun 2012, 39 (1): 15-18. Abstract( 840) PDF(464KB) ( 1818) Save p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a member of a family of serine/threonine kinase. PAK4 plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Recently, PAK4 has been shown to overexpress in a variety of malignancies, and contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion through multiple signalling pathways. Related Articles|Metrics

Progress of nuclear transcription factor Sp1 regulatingangiogensisof tumor LOU Bing-Xiang, ZHANG Jun 2012, 39 (1): 18-21. Abstract( 766) PDF(451KB) ( 2158) Save Sp1 is one of the nuclear transcription factors which are widely expressed in human body. It plays an important role in human growth and physiological activities, and is highly expressed inmany kinds of tumors’ tissue. Sp1 participates in regulating growth, invasion, angiogensis actions of tumor by regulating downstream gene’s transcription. Some grow factors and tumor suppressor genes can regulate the expression of VEGF by Sp1, and then participate in angiogensis of tumor by two main mechanisms: kinases inducing Sp1 phosphorylation and the interact of Sp1 and other proteins. Related Articles|Metrics

Effect of neoplastic stem cell in neoplasm metastasis JIA Ru, SUN Qing 2012, 39 (1): 22-24. Abstract( 945) PDF(470KB) ( 2226) Save Neoplastic stem cell (NSC), cells with stem cell properties, which out of control of proliferation properties can be formed cancer. It plays an important role in the neoplasm metastasis, and its mechanism throughout the tumorigenesis, development and prognosis. Related Articles|Metrics

Visual imaging of quantum dots for in vivo malignancy cancer CAO Yu-An, YANG Kai 2012, 39 (1): 24-27. Abstract( 623) PDF(489KB) ( 2103) Save Quantum dots (QDs), a kind of nanocrystal, are made fromII-VI or III-V group elements. It has been reported that compared with current conventional fluorescent markers, QDs have excellent optical properties such as strong fluorescence, photochemical stability and can be used for simultaneous multi-channel imaging. Meanwhile, as nanoparticle, QDs can be easily surface modified with a variety of biological molecular and can reach cancer cells easily by penetrating the tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, QDs have unique advantages in targeted real-time visual imaging of in vivo tumor and have great prospects in the individual diagnosis and treatment of tumor. However, the long-term biosafety after QDs into the body still needs further study. Related Articles|Metrics

Research development of triple-negative breast cancer chemotherapy ZHANG Guo-Jing, XIE Xiao-Dong 2012, 39 (1): 27-31. Abstract( 843) PDF(627KB) ( 1897) Save Triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）is a subtype of breast cancer, and it is characterized by an aggressive clinical course with a poor prognosis. Treatment for TNBC has attracted much attention in recent years, however, there is no standard treatment for TNBC in clinical setting. The pCR rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC ranges from 12% to 48% in the current published data, and it is higher than that in other types of breast cancer, however, the fluctuating range of the TNBC’s pCR is large in literature. Although the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy for early TNBC is controversial, the regimen without anthracyclines is reported to be suitable for early TNBC patients. Standard cytotoxic agents including taxanes and anthracyclines are still the main choices for TNBC salvage treatment, and the combination with gemcitabine or capecitabine may improve the overall survival. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a new molecular target for TNBC in ongoing studies. Further research on the target-inhibitors such as BSI-201and Olaparib will provide more effective choices to clinical treatment. Related Articles|Metrics

Estrogen receptorcoregulators and their roles in resistance to endocrine therapy of breast cancer YE Juan, ZHANG Hao 2012, 39 (1): 31-34. Abstract( 732) PDF(459KB) ( 1587) Save The estrogen receptor (ER) coregulators regulate the transcriptional activities of ER, and then affect the transcription and translation of target genes mediated by ER. ER coregulators not only plays an important role in the initiation, progression and metastasis of breast cancer, but also involved in the response to endocrine therapy of breast cancer via the genomic and nongenomic function. Related Articles|Metrics

Progress of EML4-ALK fusion gene non-small cell lung cancer inhibitor ZHANG Qi, ZENG Fei-Tian-Zhi, ZHANG Lei 2012, 39 (1): 35-37. Abstract( 736) PDF(447KB) ( 2368) Save EML4-ALK fusion gene is a new molecular type of non-small cell lung cancer, which is formed by inversion of two gene segments on chromosome 2. Up to now, 9 subtypes have been found and all of them have deteriorated and carcinogenic abilities. The detection rate of this fusion gene is much higher in patients who have adenocarcinoma, never or seldom smoke and lack EGFR/KRAS mutation. This fusion gene codes ALK tyrosine kinase, that abnormally phosphorylates downstream products through signaling pathways, leading to canceration. Therefore, the specific inhibitors which target this fusion gene could inhibit its expression and have good treatment effect. At present, the relevent inhibitors which are undergoing clinical trials are PF02341066 and TAE684. Related Articles|Metrics

Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma ZHANG Yu-Ling, WANG Jing, ZHANG Hao 2012, 39 (1): 38-41. Abstract( 778) PDF(497KB) ( 2038) Save Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (PESC) is a rare form of esophageal carcinoma which is with high degree of malignancy and early metastasis. Although the histological origin and etiology of PESC remains to largely unknown, one attractive viewpoint is that it derives from original pluripotent stem cellsof esophageal mucosa. PESC have both epithelium and neuroendocrine cellular features. Neuroendocrine biomarkers including NES and Syn have been used for identification of PESC. Related Articles|Metrics

Application of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with esophageal accurate radiotherapy DANG Rong-Guang, HAN Chun 2012, 39 (1): 41-44. Abstract( 615) PDF(485KB) ( 1517) Save Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion weighted imaging（DWI）as a non-radiation and non-invasive examination method, has shown its unique advantages in diagnosis and staging of esophageal cancer. The ADC value has demonstrated clinical application value in the therapeutic assessment. Application of DWI and CT image fusion could combine the advantages of CT in anatomical structure and the advantages of MRI in clinical stages and diagnosis. The accuracy of target area sketching would be improved. Related Articles|Metrics

Biomarkers for gastric cancer stem cells XU Zhen-Yu, HUA Dong 2012, 39 (1): 45-47. Abstract( 758) PDF(454KB) ( 1863) Save Some specific markers are useful of separating and identifying gastric cancer stem cells. They are including gastric stem cells, general tumor stem cells and mesenchymal tissue stem cells. At present, more and more new biomarkers are discovered besides familiar CD133 and CD44. Combined detection helps to separate pure gastric cancer stem cells and promote the therapy of gastric cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Diagnostic applicationof metabonomics in gastrointestinal cancer ZHANG Xia, WANG Jie-Jun 2012, 39 (1): 48-50. Abstract( 602) PDF(454KB) ( 2158) Save Metabonomics is a novel subject which develops after genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. With its unique advantage, metabonomics has been used widely in screening diagnostic biomarker in a variety of tumors. At present, some diagnostic biomarkers are found in tissue, serum samples, urine samples and stool specimens of gastrointestinal cancer patients by metabonomics, which maybe helpful for the early diagnosis and individualized treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Molecular targetedtherapy ofadvanced gastric cancer WANG Run-Jie, SHI Xiao-Yan, HUANG Wei, LIU Chao-Ying 2012, 39 (1): 50-53. Abstract( 674) PDF(492KB) ( 1891) Save Efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer was unsatisfactory. Molecular targeted therapies have emerged as a novel approach to the treatment of advanced gastric cancer in recent years. These therapeutic strategies include targeting EGFR signal transduction pathway, anti-angiogenesis therapy, multi-target molecular targeted drugs. Targeted drugs such as trastuzumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, apatinib, sorafenib sunitinib, lapatinib and everolimus which are targeting HER2, EGFR, VEGF and mTOR pathway, are applied in the comprehensivetreatment of advanced gastric cancer, and their therapeuticeffects are encouraging. Related Articles|Metrics

CyberKnifetreatment of the pancreatic carcinoma SONG Yong-Chun, YUAN Zhi-Yong 2012, 39 (1): 54-56. Abstract( 857) PDF(465KB) ( 1893) Save Cyberknife, a newly developed stereotactic operation platform in radiosurgery system, has many advantages such as accurate positioning, image-guided and hypofractionatedradiotherapy. It has made very good effect in the treatment of local advanced pancreatic carcinoma. At the same time, it has been applied in the preoperation and postoperation treatment of pancreatic carcinoma, and the palliative treatment of metastatic pancreatic carcinoma. So it can be a very good option for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Related Articles|Metrics

mTOR signaling pathway and colorectal cancer MA Hui, LIU Yan-Qing 2012, 39 (1): 57-60. Abstract( 647) PDF(486KB) ( 1987) Save Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, one of the most important cellular signaling transduction pathways, regulates cell survival, proliferation, transdifferentiation, migration and cell cycle by influencing the activation state of various effector molecules in the downstream. Abnormal regulations of these machanisms are closely related to the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Currently, mTOR inhibitorshave been approved in clinical trials of CRC and have made some progress. Related Articles|Metrics

Chromosome 3p tumour suppressor genes and clear cell renal cell carcinoma XIANG Wei, ZHAO Jun 2012, 39 (1): 60-63. Abstract( 834) PDF(467KB) ( 1803) Save The abnormal changes of tumor suppressor genes such as deletion mutant, transcription inactivation or silence on human chromosome 3p (pter) were considered as a key step which was closely related to the tumorigenesis of several kinds of cancers, especially clear cell renal cell carcinoma, one kind of renal cancer. And on this basis, it has been confirmed that the deletion and downregulation of multiple 3p genes such as VHL, RASSF1A, SEMA3B, SETD2, PBRM1, NPRL2 and so on, play a vital important role in the tumorigenesis and development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. And they provide a further way to explain the molecular mechanism of the tumorigenesis of kidney cancer. However, when the regulatory pathway and mechanism research of some genes were known to us, the other genes, especially those newly founded, which were still not clear and need to be further investigated. Related Articles|Metrics

Expression of EGFL7 in human glioma and its relationship with FAKpY397 and MVD XUE Wei-Ming, WANG Zhan-Xiang, MA Yong-Hui, et al 2012, 39 (1): 64-67. Abstract( 719) PDF(916KB) ( 1567) Save Objective To test the expression of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7), microvessel density (MVD) and foeal adhesion kinase pY397 (FAKpY397) in human glioma tissues, and to evaluate their relationship. Methods The expression of EGFL7 and FAKpY397 in 56 cases of human glioma and 8 cases of normal brain tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry test, and MVD was detected by CD34 staining. Results There was a significant difference of the positive rates of EGFL7 between normal brain tissue and gliomas (P<0.01). With the increased pathological grade, the expression level of EGFL7 increased (P<0.01). There was a significant difference of the positive rates of FAKpY397 between normal brain tissue and gliomas (P<0.05). With the increased pathological grade, the expression level of FAKpY397 increased (P<0.01). There was a significant difference on MVD between normal brain tissueand gliomas (P<0.01). Higher level of MVD was found in gliomas with higher grade (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between EGFL7 and FAKpY397 expressions in gliomas ( P<0.01). There was a significant difference on MVD between positive and negative expression of EGFL7 ( P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of EGFL7 of human gliomas has a favorable positive correlation with the degree of malignancy, MVD and FAKpY397. It is indicated that EGFL7 not only palys an important regulative role in glioma neovascularization, also it may participate directly in glioma occurrence and invasion. Related Articles|Metrics

A study of downregulation of miR-93 on the suppression of human glioma cell growth and invasion ZHANG An-Ling, WANG Kun, WANG Guang-Xiu, et al 2012, 39 (1): 68-72. Abstract( 712) PDF(1711KB) ( 1730) Save Objective To confirm the effect of miR-93 inhibitor in glioma cell growth. Methods Malignant glioma cells were transfected with miR-93 inhibitor by lipofectamin to downregulate their overexpression of miR-93. Real time-PCR was taken to measure miR-93 expression after transfection. The cell cycle kinetics and cell growth rate were detected by flowcytometry and MTT assay, the cell proliferative ability was evaluated by soft agar assay, and the invasive ability was detected by transwell assay. Results The high-level expression of miR-93 was downregulated effectively in glioma cells after transfecting the miR-93 inhibitor. Meanwhile, the cell cycle progress was delayed, S phase cells were reduced, the speed of growth was slowed, cloning formation ability was receded, the number of cells through the matrigel was reduced, and invasive ability was significantly repressed. Conclusion Downregulation of miR-93 expression could inhibit the proliferative ability and invasive ability of glioma cells. Related Articles|Metrics

Application of pathological diagnosis by using ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy for cervical lymph lesions ZHU Xiao-Lin, CUI Yue-Chan, HOU Wen-Jing, et al 2012, 39 (1): 72-75. Abstract( 644) PDF(575KB) ( 2095) Save Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of pathological diagnosis by using the ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle core biopsy (PNCB) for cervical lymph lesions. Methods Two hundred and ten patients with cervical lymph lesions underwent ultrasound-guided PNCB, and pathological diagnosis were made based on core biopsy material. The results of study were concluded by comparing the pathological diagnosis from core biopsy of the lymph nodes with those from excision biopsy. Results There were 210 patients underwent ultrasound- guided PNCB, 98.6%(207/210) cases of core biopsies yielded adequate material at first time and 92.9% (195/210) cases of those had pathologic diagnosis. The accuracy of ultrasound-guided PNCB in differentiating benign from malignant lymphadenopathy were 99.4%. The diagnostic accuracy of metastatic tumor and lymphoma by ultrasound-guided PNCB was 96.4% and 86.1%, respectively. Only 67.7% patients with lymphoma can be classified by ultrasound-guided PNCB. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided PNCB in patients with neck lymph lesions is a safe, convenient and quick procedure that has a high diagnosis accuracy. Ultrasound- guided PNCB can replace the open surgery for neck lymph node diagnostic method. Due to the complicated and diverse pathologic performance, lymphoma should be cut by open surgery to confirm the diagnosis and classification. Related Articles|Metrics

The effect and mechanism of nimesulide combined with cisplatin on proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer HE Li-Ping, ZHANG Qing 2012, 39 (1): 76-79. Abstract( 637) PDF(608KB) ( 1778) Save Objective To evaluate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide lone and combined with cisplatin on tumor growth, Ki67 and Caspase-3 expression in lung cancer xenografts in nude mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the nimesulide group, the cisplatin group and the nimesulide combined with cisplatin group. A549 cells were injected into BALB／c nude mice subcutaneously. On the 21nd day after treatment tumor tissues were collected, and the xenografts growth were observed. The expression of Ki67 and Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Nimesulide combined with cisplatin could significantly inhibited the xenografts growth compared with nimesulide or cisplatin. The tumor inhibition rate was 44.33％ in the nimesulide group, 53.61％ in the cisplatin group and 80.41％ in the nimesulide combined with cisplatin group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression rates of caspase-3 was significantly increased in the nimesulide combined with cisplatin group (67.43±23.57)%, the cisplatin group (48.40±20.37)%, and the nimesulide group (38.65±15.37)%, compared with the control group (27.63±13.03)% (P <0.05). The expression rate of Caspase-3 was significantly increased in the nimesulide combined with cisplatin group compared with the nimesulide group or the cisplatin group (P<0.05). The expression rate of Ki67 was significantly decreased in the nimesulide group combined with cisplatin group (24.34±15.90)%, the cisplatin group (40.85±22.47)% and the nimesulide group (53.33±19.67)% compared with the control group (80.43±16.88)% (P<0.05). The expression of Ki67 was significantly decreased in the nimesulide combined with cisplatin group compared with the nimesulide group or the cisplatin group (P <0.05). Conclusion Nimesulide can inhibit human lung cancer A549 cells xenografts in nude mice growth, Nimesulide enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of tumor cell Ki-67 expression, increased expression of Caspase-3, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Related Articles|Metrics