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08 December 2012, Volume 39 Issue 12 Previous IssueNext Issue

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Hypermethylated in cancer 1 and neoplasms GUO Shu-Qin, MA Jing-Jing, ZHANG Yun-Liang 2012, 39 (12): 883-886. Abstract( 685) PDF(973KB) ( 2083) Save HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) encodes a transcriptional repressor, and extensively resides in various kinds of normal tissue. HIC1 gene is located in chromosome 17p13.3，in which loss of heterozygote or super-methylation is frequently found in a variety of human cancers. As a new tumor marker, HIC1 has been confirmed down-regulated in a wide variety of solid cancers because of HIC1 promoter hypermethylation, and may be associated with tumor prognosis. As a tumor suppressor, HIC1participates in the development of tumor process through various ways, and is involved in cell proliferation, tumour growth ,and angiogenesis. Therefore，the abnormal hypermethylation or the loss of expression of HIC1 in tumor cells or abnormal function could be one of the important mechanisms of tumor development，and may become a new potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

GRIM-19 gene and tumor SHAO Yu-Pei, WAN Xiao-Yun 2012, 39 (12): 886-888. Abstract( 1089) PDF(799KB) ( 1818) Save Genes associated with retinoid-interferon mortality(GRIM) are a group of genes, and GRIM-19 is one of the core genes. Studies have found that GRIM-19 is down-regulated in many types of tumors, and may be a new type of tumor suppressor and a new target for chemotherapy in tumors. Related Articles|Metrics

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 and tumor WANG Rui, LIAO Sheng-Tao, LIU Yun-Lai 2012, 39 (12): 889-892. Abstract( 766) PDF(870KB) ( 2008) Save Hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) is usually highly expressed in tumor cells, and can promote tumor growth. HIF-1 is correlated with tumor condition, the diagnosis and the prognosis. Therefore, HIF-1 can be used for tumor treatment in the level of transcriprion, pro-transcriprion and target. It is possible to improve the treatment efficiency, and to lengthen patients lifespan. Related Articles|Metrics

Runx2 and tumor metastasis GENG Wen-Wen, ZHANG Bin, CAO Xu-Chen 2012, 39 (12): 892-894. Abstract( 702) PDF(778KB) ( 1798) Save Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2)Is a nuclear transcription factor of PEBP2/CBFsuperfamilies, and can regulate matrix metalloproteinase(MMP), osteopontin(OPN) and bone sialoprotein(BSP) which are associated with the metastasis of tumors including breast cancer and prostate cancer. In these cancers, the expression of Runx2 is highly up-regulated, which is closely correlated with the cell transformation and tumor progress . Lots of studies have demonstrated that the function of Runx2 is involved in several signal pathwaysactivation, which can promote the early metastasis of malignant tumors. Therefore，the treatment targeting to Runx2 may be a new clinically choice to blocking the metastasis of tumors in the future. Related Articles|Metrics

Histone deacetylase 7 and tumor angiogenesis XU Xing-Dong, YANG Bo 2012, 39 (12): 895-898. Abstract( 617) PDF(864KB) ( 1875) Save Histone deacetylase7(HDAC7) belongs to Ⅱa histone deacetylases. HDAC7 can alter chromosome structure and regulate gene transcription, and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Increasing evidences show that HDAC7 can maintain the vascular integrity and continuity, and regulate the expression of angiogenic genes. HDAC7 also can regulate the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and regulate angiogenic effect mediated by VEGF and other proangiogenenic factors contributing to tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, studies of the mechanisms in which HDAC7 contributes to tumor angiogenesis and the development of HDAC7 inhibitors could provide a new direction to tumor diagnosis and therapy. Related Articles|Metrics

Mechanisms of immune suppression mediated by myeloid derived suppressor cell and the targeted therapy strategy WEN Lan-Lan, GAO Quan-Li, MAI Ling 2012, 39 (12): 898-902. Abstract( 690) PDF(914KB) ( 1981) Save Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells at different stages of maturation. MDSCs mediate the suppression of the anti-tumor immunity，and play a crucial role in cancer tolerance through suppressing the activity of T cells and natural killer cells ,inducing T-regs and involving the angiogenesis, and then contribute to the tumor development and metastasis. Promoting the differentiation of MDSCs, reducing its quantity and inhibiting its function by using various methods may contribute to the recovery of patients normal immune status, the tumor progression control, and improvement of the efficacy of other anti-neoplastic therapies. Therefore，possible novel therapeutic approaches targeted at MDSCs could be considered and developed rapidly now. Related Articles|Metrics

Cancer stem cells and multidrug resistance XU Gui-Fang, ZHANG Wei-Jie, ZHOU Zhi-Hua, ZOU Xiao-Ping 2012, 39 (12): 902-904. Abstract( 880) PDF(777KB) ( 1674) Save Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main obstacle for cancer to cure, failure of chemotherapy and relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are driven force for tumorigenesis, the evolution of metastasis and recurrence, and the most fundamental reason for cancer drug-resistance. The primary drug resistance mechanism including: ABC transporters strengthening CSCs drug resistance, high level expression of the anti-apoptotic genes, DNA repair capacity enhancement and hypoxic niches, and so on. To study CSCs biological characteristics and clarify the resistance molecular mechanisms, and to develop a targeted therapy for CSCs, and then to overcome and reverse the multidrug resistance of CSC, will enhance cancer cure rate and reduce the relapse rate. Related Articles|Metrics

Anti-tumor effect of Type Ⅲ interferon WANG Qing, ZHANG Lu, SHEN Qian-Ni, ZHU Ni, LUO Fan, HOU Wei 2012, 39 (12): 905-907. Abstract( 764) PDF(780KB) ( 1587) Save It is reported that type Ⅲ interferon (IFN-λ) has an anti-tumor effect on melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma and fibrosarcoma in recent years. IFN-λ could not only inhibit melanoma metastasis, but also induce cell apoptosis; its constitutively expression could activate natural killer cells, affecting hepatocellular carcinoma growth; IFN-λ could induce cells of G 1phase in esophageal carcinoma directly to stagnation or apoptosis; IFN-λ could cause native and adaptive immune response to suppress fibrosarcoma growth. Research on the anti-tumor mechanisms of IFN-λ will provide new ideas for clinical tumor therapy. Related Articles|Metrics

Progression of lobaplatin for cancer SUN Na, YANG Wen-Yan 2012, 39 (12): 907-909. Abstract( 864) PDF(778KB) ( 1791) Save Lobaplatin isthe third generation platinum drug.Many studies on pharmacodynamics have been confirmed that lobaplatin can block the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis, and thus inhibits tumor cell proliferation effectively. Lobaplatinis not cross-resistant to cisplatin. Besides, it has good curative effect to various kinds of cancer patients with mild adverse reactions, and the patients are well tolerable to it. Related Articles|Metrics

Anticancer effect of crocin XIA Dan 2012, 39 (12): 910-912. Abstract( 1043) PDF(776KB) ( 2169) Save Crocin is a chemical extraction from saffron and it is the most important kind of pigment of saffron. Recently, the research on cervical cancer, bladder cancer, leukemia, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer shows that crocin has a role of inducing apoptosis of the tumor cells by activating caspase-3 and regulating the ratio of bcl-2/bax as wll as up- regulating the expression of surviving. Crocin has a strong inhibition effect on tumor proliferationby inducing cell cycle arrestthrough down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 andup-regulating the expression of p27 kip. Crocin also can exert antitumor effects by liposome encapsulation to enhance cytotoxic effect. Crocin is a kind of effective chemical for tumor treatment and prevention with no significant toxico- and by-effect in vivo, and is likely to be used as an anticancer drug clinically in the future. Related Articles|Metrics

Radiation in head and neck cancers and the parotids’ changes WEI Shuang, HAO Jun-Fang 2012, 39 (12): 913-915. Abstract( 922) PDF(774KB) ( 1595) Save During radiation for head and neck cancers, part of parotids are contained in planning target volume(PTV), which lead to parotids receiving radiation as the same as PTV. Radiation for head and neck cancers will influence the parotids. In the period of radiation, many factors will influence parotids, such as age, primary parotid volume, V 10-40, weight and mean radiation dose et al. This factors will result in that the parotid volume reduces nearly 50% and moves toward the middle line of the body. As a result, the real dose of the parotid receiving is higher than prescription dose. The excretion function of the parotid will be severely damaged after radiation, which will lead to xerostomia and influence the quality of patients life. Related Articles|Metrics

Strategy of anti-angiogenesis and antiangiogenic drugs in NSCLC ZHAO Xiang-Fei, NIE Qing, KANG Jing-Bo 2012, 39 (12): 916-920. Abstract( 745) PDF(912KB) ( 2025) Save Development and metastasis of NSCLC are closely related to angiogenesis. Several distinct groups of vascular – targeted therapies have evolved: anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody , Small Molecules, Vascular disrupting agents，Endothelial cell growth inhibitor，et al. Antiangiogenic treat could make longer survival than conventional treatment. The strategy of anti-angiogenic drugs combined conventional treatment is are being studied. Related Articles|Metrics

miRNA in breast cancer LV Ping , YU Jiang-Liu, YANG Hong-Jian, LING Zhi-Qiang 2012, 39 (12): 921-924. Abstract( 735) PDF(845KB) ( 2227) Save The studies have shown that the genesis and development process of breast cancer is closely related with microRNAs (miRNAs). Multiple miRNAs are involved in the progress of the incidence of breast cancer, and can be used to assess the prognosis, clinical treatment of breast cancer, and to explore the resistance mechanisms. Related Articles|Metrics

Roles of bisphosphonate in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer LI Xu-Yuan, LIN Ying-Cheng 2012, 39 (12): 925-928. Abstract( 850) PDF(848KB) ( 1686) Save Bisphosphonates are commonly used in patients with breast cancer to reduce skeletal-related events in metastatic disease, mitigate bone loss, and increase bone mineral density. Bisphosphonates can decrease and cleare disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow and circulation tumor cells and thenprevent breast cancer relapse and metastases. Bisphosphonates can lighten tumor burden in the breast when administered with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and improve pathology complete remission rates. Inconsistence is observed in large trials using bisphosphonatesin the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer, but survival improvement is mostly seen in postmenopausal patients with low levels of estrogens. Related Articles|Metrics

Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for breast ductal carcinomain situ LIU Zhi-Yan, LIU Wei-Shuai, WANG Ping 2012, 39 (12): 928-931. Abstract( 796) PDF(850KB) ( 2146) Save Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has become the most common treatment for breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS). BCS followed by radiotherapy (RT) can reduce the risk of recurrence. However, controversy exists regarding the region of RT, which low-risk patients can avoid RT after BCS, and the role of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in the treatment of BCS. However, most trials have indicated that all DCIS patients can obtain benefit from RT after BCS. Further prospective studies are warranted to identify whether RT can be safely omitted for low–risk patients with DCIS. Long-term results of ongoing studies on outcome of BCS alone suggest that RT should be routinely recommended after BCS for all patients except those with contraindication. Related Articles|Metrics

Study progress of malignant tracheoesophageal fistula XU Guang, YU Hui-Ming, HAN Da-Li, YU Jin-Ming 2012, 39 (12): 932-935. Abstract( 640) PDF(845KB) ( 2002) Save Malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (MTEF) is pathological communication between the respiratory tracts such as the trachea or bronchia and the esophagus because of malignant tumor dissemination through them. Radiography is an important adjunctive technology in the diagnosis of MTEF, and the location and size of fistula often need the further diagnosis of bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy. The patients are often with an unfavourable prognosis once developed MTEF, and are treated usually with the aim of symptom palliation and life quality improvement. The individual treatment includes esophageal stenting, esophageal exclusion and esophagus bypass, fistula exclusion and repair, radiotherapy and others effective therapy according to the patients condition. These therapies will prolong the life span and improve the life quality of patients. MTEF is not absolute contraindication for chemoradiotherapy. Despite its acute toxicity, this concurrent chemoradiotherapy protocol appears feasible and effective at closing esophageal malignant fistula, especially in patients in a good general condition and without metastasis. Related Articles|Metrics

Significance of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer ZHI Wen-Xue, SHI Su-Sheng 2012, 39 (12): 935-938. Abstract( 900) PDF(845KB) ( 2201) Save Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer’s initiation and progression, which has significant clinical significance. MSI is a diagnostic biomarker for Lynch synchrome. Moreover, the clinical implication of MSI testing extends to the role of prognostic marker and predictive maker, due to the better outcome of patients with MSI positive colorectal cancer and a general lack of response to chemotherapy employing 5-fluorouracil. Related Articles|Metrics

Advances in study of cervical small cell carcinoma ZHANG Ying-Li, CHEN Ya-Qing, ZHENG Ai-Wen 2012, 39 (12): 939-941. Abstract( 641) PDF(778KB) ( 2072) Save Small cell carcinoma of cervix (SCCC) is a rare and high malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Because of its strong invasion, metastasis in early stage and easy recurrence, the prognosis is poor. Its diagnosis is based on pathomorphology, and immune-histochemistry biomarkers can improve its diagnosis. Combined therapy is recommended. Postoperative platinum/etoposide(PE), vincristine/adriamycin/cyclophosphamide(VAC) or taxel /carboplatin(TP) chemotherapy can improve the prognosis. Related Articles|Metrics

Research progress in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma LIU Xiao-Lan, SU Li-Ping 2012, 39 (12): 942-944. Abstract( 1028) PDF(778KB) ( 2001) Save T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which is biologically similar to T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),and occurs most frequently in childhood and adolescence. T-LBL progresses fast.The treatment of LBL with conventional chemotherapy regimens for NHL has shown relatively low rates of complete remission and of disease-free survival. Now,it is reasonable to treat patients with LBL with the current ALL-type protocols, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may yield a more favorable overall survival (OS) in T-LBL patients, especial in relapsed or refractory LBL patients. Related Articles|Metrics

MMP-9 gene polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis SU Tong, SHI Li, WEI Gai-Jie, CHEN Jing 2012, 39 (12): 945-949. Abstract( 719) PDF(994KB) ( 1568) Save Objective To study the correlation between MMP-9 rs3918242 C>T polymorphism and cancer risk. Methods PubMed database was utilized to search the relative artiles concerning association between MMP-9 rs3918242 C>T polymorphism and cancer risk (last search updated on April 2011). All the statistical analysis was performed by STATA software. Results 4,124 cancer patients and 4,728 control subjects were included in this meta-analysis. No association was observed in the overall analysis (allelic contrast P= 0.378, OR= 0.94, 95% CI：0.83-1.07). However, in the stratified analysis by cancer type, MMP-9 -1562 T allele was found to decrease the lung cancer( P=0.026, OR=0.70，95% CI：0.51-0.96) and colorectal cancer( P= 0.016, OR=0.80，95% CI：0.66-0.96). Conclusion MMP-9 rs3918242 C/T polymorphism is correlated with colorectal cancer and lung cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Expression and significance of iNOS and VEGF in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ZHANG Lei 2012, 39 (12): 950-952. Abstract( 683) PDF(778KB) ( 1580) Save Object To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significances,and to evaluate the correlation between the expression of iNOS and VEGF. Methods Immunohistochemical SABC methond was used to detect the expression of iNOS and VEGF in 52 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 20 cases of paired para-carcinama. The correlation between the expression of iNOS and VEGF was analyzed statistically. And the correlation between the expression of iNOS and VEGF and the clinical pathological features of the patients was analyzed statistically. Results The positive expression rates of iNOS and VEGF in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were 63.46％(33/52) and 67.31％(35/52),respectively. The positive expression rates of iNOS and VEGF in paired para-carcinama tissues were 10%（2/20）and 20%（4/20）respectively. The positive expression rates of iNOS and VEGF in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were significantly higher than those in paired para-carcinama tissues（ P﹤0.01）. There was significiat correlation between the expression of iNOS, VEGF and the pathological grade（ P﹤0.01）,clinic TNM stage（ P﹤0.05）, lymph noed metastasis（ P﹤0.05），but there was no correlation between the expression of iNOS, VEGF and the patients sex（ P＞0.05）. Expression of iNOS was positively correlated with that of VEGF（ ｒ＝0.7482， P﹤0.01）. Conclusion iNOS and VEGF are highly expressed and correlated in esophageal carcinoma. It is speculated that a common activation mechanism may coexists between the two genes. The expression of iNOS and VEGF plays an important role in the malignant progression. Related Articles|Metrics