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08 June 2012, Volume 39 Issue 6 Previous IssueNext Issue

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Roles of cancer stem cells in tumor angiogenesis ZHANG Xiao-yue 2012, 39 (6): 403-405. Abstract( 712) PDF(764KB) ( 2025) Save Cancer stem cells (CSC) play a crucial role in the tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenic factors and hypoxia mediate the process. CSC can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and participate in the formation of vasculogenic mimicry, which may be one of the key factors in the initiation and progression of tumors. Indepth studies of the roles of CSC in tumor angiogenesis might help provide the basis for developing more effective therapeutic drug targets. Related Articles|Metrics

Roles of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation in carcinogenesis HU Dan 2012, 39 (6): 406-408. Abstract( 1305) PDF(684KB) ( 2602) Save SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is involved in the post-translational modifications of proteins, and this process is referred to as SUMOylation. SUMOylation plays an important role in the regulation of cellular activities such as strengthening the stability of the protein, nucleocytoplasmic transport, DNA repair, DNA replication, mitotic and meiotic chromosome behavior, et al. SUMOylation is a dynamic process and can be reversed by SUMOspecific proteases (SENP). Once the balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is broken, there will be an aberrant expression of SUMO or SENPs in cells to happen, which may lead to the tumor occurrence. Related Articles|Metrics

Autophagy and invasion and metastasis in malignant tumor WENG Jun-quan 2012, 39 (6): 408-409. Abstract( 1041) PDF(699KB) ( 2055) Save In the complex set of biological processes that a particular malignancy to metastasize, tumor cells must adapt to different survival pressures. As an important cellphysiologic response that under regulation of many genes and their expressions, autophagy not only can be strongly induced to adapt to metabolic stresses and microenvironmental changes, but also involved in the process of epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), restricting inflammation, resisting anoikis, maintaining dormancy in the metastatic process. Related Articles|Metrics

Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-β superfamily co-receptor Ⅲ in tumorigenesis ZHANG Shu-sheng 2012, 39 (6): 411-414. Abstract( 701) PDF(699KB) ( 1638) Save The expression of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β superfamily co-receptor (TβR)Ⅲ is often lost in many kinds of cancers. TβRⅢ plays a role of negative regulation in tumorigenesis. TβRⅢ could regulate the cellular invasion, migration, proliferation and apoptosis by multiple mechanisms, such as mediating the TGF-β signaling pathway, impacting the mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK),nuclear factorkappa B(NF-κB) and Cdc42 and producing soluble TβR(sTβR)Ⅲ. Defining the mechanisms of absence and physiological functions of TβRⅢ in cancers has great significant for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Roles of the liver regeneration phosphatase-3 and its inhibitors in tumor WANG Wen-juan 2012, 39 (6): 415-417. Abstract( 784) PDF(690KB) ( 1643) Save Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a novel small molecule proteintyrosinephosphatase, which plays an important role in the oncogenesis and deveopment of tumors. Studies show that PRL-3 regulates neoplasm progress through participating in multiple signal pathways. Its high expression can significantly promote neoplasm metastasis in cancer tissue. However, there is no expression of PRL-3 in most normal tissue. PRL-3 is expected to be a potential tumor maker of diagnosis and a new target for the therapy of cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Tumor microenvironment related type 17 T helper cells WANG Hui 2012, 39 (6): 418-421. Abstract( 820) PDF(698KB) ( 1945) Save Type 17 T helper cells (Th17) are novel subsets of CD4+ effector T cells discovered recently which are different from the traditional type 1 and type 2. They are mainly differentiated from initial T cell precursor. Tumor microenvironmental cytokines can recruit CD4+ Th17 cells from the peripheral blood into tumor sites. And the differentiation of Th17 cells is also affected by tumor microenvironmental factors. Tumorinfiltrating Th17 cells play a dual role for tumor growth in both pro and antitumourigenic processes. A further understanding of the activities of Th17 cells will provide a new breakthrough point for the researches of cancer immunotherapy. Related Articles|Metrics

Antitumor effect of inhibitor of growth 4 ZHAO Da-hang 2012, 39 (6): 422-424. Abstract( 766) PDF(689KB) ( 1659) Save Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) is an important member of anti-oncogene family. The expression of ING4 is significantly lower in many malignancies. ING4 involves in multiple processes, such as tumorigenesis, regulation of cell cycle, cell apoptosis, DNA repair and angiogenesis, which have a significant impact on the progression and prognosis of tumor. ING4 may serve as a promising prognostic maker as well as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Effect of serum autoantibodies in the early diagnosis of cancer PENG Yu-hui 2012, 39 (6): 425-428. Abstract( 849) PDF(699KB) ( 2031) Save At present, the commonly used tumor markers, with low sensitivity and low specificity, can't achieve the purpose of early diagnosis. However, autoantibodies against tumorassociated antigens have been detected in the asymptomatic stage of cancer and thus can serve as biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. Moreover, due to autoantibodies are found in sera, they can be screened easily using a noninvasive approach. The discovery of panels of autoantibodies with high sensitivity and specificity will help to improve the diagnostic and prognostic for the patients with cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Molecular markers of cancer and individualized therapy GU Fei-ying 2012, 39 (6): 428-431. Abstract( 816) PDF(699KB) ( 1814) Save The key of individualized therapy is that using molecular markers to select more suitable drug. At present, some studies have confirmed that certain molecular markers can predict the efficacy of the drugs. For example, cetuximab is beneficial in patients with K-ras wildtype colorectal cancer, gefitinib and erlotinib are beneficial in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutationpositive nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC), imatinib is beneficial in patients with C-KIT genepositive gastrointestinal stromal tumor. In terms of safety, the promoter polymorphism of UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 polypeptide A1(UGT1A1) can predict the toxicity of irinotecan. Related Articles|Metrics

Breast cancer molecular subtypes and its clinical significance YU Shuang-quan 2012, 39 (6): 432-435. Abstract( 1825) PDF(698KB) ( 4255) Save Breast cancer is regarded as a heterogenous disease classified into different molecular subtypes, resulting in different biologic behavior and sensitivity to treatment respectively. Molecular biology typing that based gene expression profiles and biological characteristics of breast cancer can reflect the biological behavior of tumors exactly, which has important clinical significance. Related Articles|Metrics

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer GUAN Shang-hui 2012, 39 (6): 436-439. Abstract( 820) PDF(700KB) ( 1754) Save Hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) makes it possible to further improve local control, overall survival and the quality of life for the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But the dosefractionation and total dose are not yet clear, which need further study. Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage NSCLC patients is well tolerated and results in excellent local control and overall survival. SBRT is expected to become a new standard treatment in patients with early stage NSCLC. Related Articles|Metrics

DNA methylation in Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma LI Bo 2012, 39 (6): 439-442. Abstract( 839) PDF(1390KB) ( 2074) Save In recent years, a large number of researches show that the tumor related gene promoter hypermethylation is an important reason of esophageal adenocarcinoma and closely associated with the differentiation, invasion, metastasis, staging and prognosis of tumors. It might be used as a new target for the clinical detection and therapy of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Related Articles|Metrics

Chemoprevention of plant polyphenols in gastric cancer LIU Ru-ming 2012, 39 (6): 442-445. Abstract( 793) PDF(698KB) ( 1646) Save Gastric cancer carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process which is related to an interaction of host factors, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, dietary factors and so on. The plant polyphenols which are widely present in many plants are the general term for a large group polyphenolic compounds. They have strong antioxidant activity. Furthermore, many animal experiments and clinical studies have proved that the polyphenols could inhibit gastric cancer via inhibiting Hp infection, suppressing the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), promoting apoptosis in cancer cells and so on. The application of plant polyphenols could broaden the approaches for chemoprevention of gastric cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Toxicities of targeted therapy in renal cancer and their treatment strategies WU Xiao-rong 2012, 39 (6): 445-448. Abstract( 1291) PDF(696KB) ( 1483) Save With the indepth studies of molecular mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), people have made great progress in the targeted therapy drugs which targeted at vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors, which dramatically improve the treatment outcome for patients with advanced or metastatic RCC. However, recent clinical trails show that the targeted therapy drugs may cause adverse events, such as hypertension, bone marrow toxicity, pneumonitis and so on. It is important to manage the adverse events promptly not only to improve the therapeutic efficacy but also to improve the quality of life for patients with RCC. Related Articles|Metrics

Application of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer FU Chun 2012, 39 (6): 449-452. Abstract( 704) PDF(699KB) ( 1754) Save Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is sensitive to identification of cervical lesions and lymph node metastasis. DWI can be used to predict and evaluate the therapeutic effect of cervical cancer. Using magnetic resonance imaging and DWI scans in the process of diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, which may contribute to the personalized treatment program and improve prognosis for patients. Related Articles|Metrics

The role of amplified in breast family and their research mechanisms in ovarian cancer WANG Lian 2012, 39 (6): 452-454. Abstract( 876) PDF(693KB) ( 1483) Save The genes amplified in breast cancer family, as the novel defined hormone receptor co-activators, of which the key number is amplified in breast（AIB）1, is critical to the transcriptional activation function of nuclear hormone receptors. The abnormal expression of protein is related to the tumorigenesis and development of many tumors. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that the member of AIB family expresses abnormally and amplifies in ovarian tumors. Collectively, these results suggest that the AIB family is involved in the carcinogenesis and the development of ovarian cancers. Further research is required to explore the mechanism and significance as well as to determine the role of AIB family in ovarian cancers, which will potentially leading to a new prognostic marker and new therapeutic targets. Related Articles|Metrics

Cancer and venous thromboembolism SHI Zhi-yong 2012, 39 (6): 455-458. Abstract( 766) PDF(699KB) ( 1804) Save Thrombosis disease is a common complication of cancer. Researches show that venous thromboembolism (VTE) can increase the mortality rate of patients with cancer. Tissue factor (TF) and cancer procoagulant (CP) and other pathological factors are related to VTE. VTE risk factors in cancer patients can be grouped into 3 general categories: patientrelated factors, cancer-related factors and treatmentrelated factors. Assessment of risk factors and early prevention can reduce the incidence of VTE. Immediate treatment and chronic therapy should be performed immediately after the diagnosis of VTE. Related Articles|Metrics

Mechanism and prevention in cancer complicated with deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs HONG Gu-qi 2012, 39 (6): 458-461. Abstract( 785) PDF(699KB) ( 1614) Save The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs is higher in the patients suffered from cancers than that in the general population. DVT complicated with cancers caused by many reasons, such as hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, stasis of blood and so on. And due to its serious consequences to the victims, the prevention and early diagnosis of DVT is very important. However, today there is still no definite standard for preventative anticoagulation in the patients of cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in anti-leukemia XIE Xia 2012, 39 (6): 462-464. Abstract( 704) PDF(691KB) ( 1594) Save Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the development of leukemia. COX-2 inhibitor plays a certain antileukemia role in the process. Many studies show that COX-2 inhibitor plays antileukemia role by inhibiting the proliferation of leukemia cell, promoting apoptosis, affecting cell cycle, inhibiting cell metastasis and reversing cell drug resistance and so on. Therefore, the researches about the antileukemia mechanisms of COX-2 inhibitor will provide a new target in clinical prevention and treatment of leukemia. Related Articles|Metrics

Establishment of ovarian SKOV3 cell line stably expressing PES1 by Tet-on inducible system LI Jie-ping 2012, 39 (6): 465-468. Abstract( 939) PDF(893KB) ( 2324) Save Objective To further research the biological functions of PES1, the ovarian SKOV3 cell line with inducible stable PES1 expression is established by using Tet-on system. Methods PES1 was cloned into pTRE-Tight vector via PCR and its expression was identified. After transfected the regulating plasmid -pTet-on, SKOV3 cells were screened with G418 and re-transfected pTRE-Tight-PES1. The positive cell clones were screened out with hygromycin and were induced by doxycycline (Dox) to definite the best induction concentration. Growth velocity of SKOV3 cells stably expressing PES1 induced by Dox was detected with viola crystallina. Results The SKOV3 cells with inducible PES1 expression were screened out after the cells were transfected pTRE-Tight-PES1 constructed. Dox could dose-dependently induce the PES1 expression with the concentration under 2 mg/L, and 2 mg/L of Dox induced the highest PES1 expression. Growth velocity of SKOV3 cells transfected pTRE-Tight has no significant difference between the SKOV3 cells transfected nothing induced with Dox. However, the SKOV3 cells transfected pTRE-Tight-PES1 grew faster than the cells transfected pTRE-Tight or without transfection in the fourth day (P=0.001). Conclusion The inducible stable PES1 expression SKOV3 cells are successfully established and could be used to be an effective cell model to research the biological functions of PES1. The expression of PES1 could promote the growth of SKOV3 cells. Related Articles|Metrics

Synergy effects of octreotide combined with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil on inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 PAN Jin-kun 2012, 39 (6): 469-472. Abstract( 722) PDF(907KB) ( 1817) Save Objective To investigate whether octreotide, as somatostatin analogue, can enhance the sensitivity of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 to chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods Different concentration of octretide, cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was respectively acted on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. The absorbance value was tested by colorimetry through MTT method to evaluate the effect of octreotide, cisplatin, 5-Fu or the three drugs combined respectively after 48 hours. Each drug concentration had six holes and it repeated three times. The effects of combination therapy was analysed with isobologram. Results It was proved that octreotide could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range of 1.3 mg/L～166.7 mg/L. The inhibition rate was dose-dependent which was higher when octreotide combined with cisplatin and 5-Fu than it alone. It has statistically significant difference (P<0.05).The effect plots of IC 50were located in the synergy areas of isobologram. Conclusion It can be concluded that octreotide could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in vitro. This inhibition enhances when octreotide is combined with cisplatin and 5-Fu. Octreotide can enhance the susceptibility of A549 cells to cisplatin and 5-Fu. Related Articles|Metrics

Clinical study of ocular damnification after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma LI Yan-Jie 2012, 39 (6): 472-476. Abstract( 807) PDF(707KB) ( 1759) Save Objective To study the effect on normal ocular tissues after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Nineteen nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients confirmed by pathology were enrolled (38 eyes). All Patients underwent visual acuity, slit lamp, fundus, visual evoked potential (VEP) and electroretinograms (ERG) examination before IMRT, at the end of IMRT, 6 months and 12 months after IMRT. Results ① There was no statistically difference in uncorrected and corrected visual acuity at the various examination time points before and after radiotherapy (P＞0.05). ② Theaverage latency of VEP P 100before IMRT,at the end of IMRT, at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was (99.684±2.484) μV , (99.947±2.277) μV, (104.000±3.952) μV and (101.316±2.462) μV respectively. The average latency of VEP P 100was significantly prolonged at 6 months after IMRT compared with the time points of before IMRT, the end of IMRT and 12 months after IMRT (P＜0.05). ③ The average latency of ERG b wave before IMRT , at the end of IMRT, at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was (44.974±3.774) ms, (44.816±3.368) ms, (43.184±2.837) ms and (44.000±3.154) ms respectively。The average amplitude of ERG b wave before IMRT, at the end of IMRT, at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was (421.237±27.353) μV, (414.763±26.188) μV, (419.026±24.876) μV, and (419.974±25.894) μV respectively. No statistically difference was found in average latency and amplitude of ERG b wave at the various examination time points before and after radiotherapy (P＞0.05). ④ The average amplitude of Op2 wave before IMRT, at the end of IMRT, at 6 months after IMRT and 12 months after IMRT was (63.184±6.028) μV, (48.605±6.872) μV, (50.421±6.769) μV and (53.026±6.074) μV respectively. At the various time points after IMRT, the average amplitude of Op2 wave was significantly lower than before IMRT (P＜0.05).Conclusion IMRT can significantly reduce the incidence of ocular complications. There is a good clinical application value of ERG and VEP for evaluating retina and optical nerve functional changes induced by IMRT.  Related Articles|Metrics

Significance of MALAT1，COX-2,β-catenin,MMP-3 and MMP-9 in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma JI Qing 2012, 39 (6): 477-480. Abstract( 846) PDF(699KB) ( 1735) Save Objective To investigate the significance of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1),cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),beta catenin (β-catenin)、matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin,MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNA expression in samples from 30 fresh colorectal carcinomas and 30 corresponding adjacent tissues. And the correlation analysis of the gender and age of patients, CEA, immune cellular factors (CD4 and CD8), clinical stages, and the degree of differentiation was undertaken. Results The expression levels of MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin and MMP-9 were significantly different between colorectal carcinoma tissues and adjacent colorectal tissues (P<0.05). MMP-3 showed no significant difference (P>0.05). MALAT1,COX-2,β-catenin and MMP-9 expression levels showed an average 2.22fold, 1.86fold, 2.16fold, 0.58fold (P<0.01) increase in colorectal carcinoma tissues when compared with adjacent colorectal tissues respectively. There were negative correlation between MALAT1 and β-catenin (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) (r=-0.346, P=0.030). While there were positive correlation between MMP-9 and β-catenin (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) (r=0.312, P=0.047). There were significant difference between male patients and female patients in terms of COX-2 and MMP-9 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) (P= 0.047; P=0.018). There were significant difference between patients with tumor marker CEA increase and patients without CEA increase in terms of COX-2 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) (P=0.021). Conclusion MALAT1,COX-2,MMP-9 and β-catenin have significance in the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma, while MMP-3 has no significant reference value. The negative correlation between MALAT1 and β-catenin and the positive correlation between MMP-9 and β-catenin might show some interaction relationship in the development of colorectal carcinoma. The expression differences of COX-2 and MMP-9 (colorectal carcinoma tissues vs adjacent colorectal tissues) in male and female patients suggest that above two genes may affect the occurrence ratio of colorectal carcinoma. Detecting of COX-2 maybe helpful to the tumor marker CEA during the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Related Articles|Metrics