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08 April 2012, Volume 39 Issue 4 Previous IssueNext Issue

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Peripheral blood circulating RNA andcancer diagnosis ZHUANG Shan-Shan, FANG Yu-Sen, CHEN Jiong-Yu 2012, 39 (4): 243-245. Abstract( 744) PDF(870KB) ( 2038) Save Numerous studies found that the content of peripheral blood circulating RNA in various cancer types is aberrant increased, which could be a potential biological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Detecting the peripheral blood circulating RNA through the molecular biology technology will provide a sensitive and efficient, convenient, specific, noninvasive and minimally invasive therapy for the early diagnosis and detection, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of malignant tumor. Related Articles|Metrics

Correlation between lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 and neoplasms and its mechanism WU Fen-Ping, YANG Zhi-Xiong 2012, 39 (4): 246-248. Abstract( 792) PDF(797KB) ( 1983) Save Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) is one of the lysyl oxidases (LOX) families. At present, most of scholars consider that LOXL2 is a neoplasm metastasis gene, whereas some others believe that LOXL2 is a neoplasm suppressor gene. Studies found that LOXL2 gene combined with other oncogenes promotes neoplasm invasion, metastasis and indicates a poor prognosis. Related researches provide new ideas for judging tumor metastasis and prognosis and looking for new targets for cancer therapy. Related Articles|Metrics

Ku proteins and tumor radiosensitivity LI Tian-Qian, YU Shu-Hui, LI Guo-Miao, LI Wen-Hui 2012, 39 (4): 249-251. Abstract( 700) PDF(797KB) ( 1847) Save Ku is a heterodimeric protein which is composed of Ku70 and Ku80. DNA dependent protein kinase is composed of Ku and DNA dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). DNA double strands break is the main method that radiation kill tumor cell, which will restraint DNA repair, and induce cell apoptosis. Ku proteinis the key point in the repair of DNA. Blocking Ku protein will increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cell. Related Articles|Metrics

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and tumor immunity CHENG Yu-Sheng, XIA Jing-Yan, XU Feng 2012, 39 (4): 252-254. Abstract( 869) PDF(799KB) ( 1679) Save Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, which plays a vital role in the regulation of immune system. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3 ), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MAD-5) and retinoic acid inducible gene -Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ) are the main three intracellular receptors binding to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid which activates human anti-tumor immune responses including the activation of innate immunity and acquired immunity through TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and interferon-β. Thus, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses. The immunoregulation mechanisms of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in melanoma, breast cancer, malignant glioma and lung cancer have been clarified, which will provide new strategies for tumor immunotherapy. Related Articles|Metrics

The anti-tumor mechanism of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate HE Li, TANG Xu-Dong 2012, 39 (4): 255-259. Abstract( 835) PDF(935KB) ( 2036) Save (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural medicine with anti-neoplastic activity, significantly prevent cancers via inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, suppressing angiogenesisand promoting apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, the new discoveries about anti-tumor mechanisms of EGCG in digestive system, reproductive system and respiratory system shorten the course of EGCG application in clinical. Related Articles|Metrics

Influence of bevacizumab on the invasion of glioma and the mechanism DAI Li-Ming, LI Zhi-Qiang 2012, 39 (4): 259-261. Abstract( 902) PDF(797KB) ( 1811) Save Angiogenesis and invasion are two remarkable features of spongioblastoma, which lead to the failure of clinical treatment. With the development of the glioma’s molecular biology mechanism in the realm of angiogenesis, some anti- angiogenesisdrugs have got a positive therapeutic efficacy in the clinical trials, such as bevacizumab. However, it is reported that these drugs maybe also enhance the invasion and migration ability of glioma cells in the process of anti-angiogenesis therapy. Matrix metalloproteinases, hypoxia induced factor-1 and the inositol-requiring enzyme-1 maybe have some correlations with the change of the invasion and migration, but the molecular biological mechanism needs further research. Related Articles|Metrics

Therapy for malignant glioma XIAO Feng, WANG Hong-Lin, LI Yun-Hai 2012, 39 (4): 262-264. Abstract( 550) PDF(795KB) ( 2009) Save Therapiesfor malignant glioma include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, the overall effective rateof temozolomide is better than other chemotherapy drugs, but partly patients have resistance to temozolomide. Angiogenesis inhibitors show promising activity, but it is expensive. Celecoxib has antiangiogenic activity, which has become a new option. Related Articles|Metrics

MiRNA and the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells CHEN Xiao-Lan, QIN Shu-Pei, YANG Jian-Xin 2012, 39 (4): 265-268. Abstract( 715) PDF(921KB) ( 2025) Save The tumorigenesis of breast cancer is a multistep process with many factors. The microRNAs (miRNA) participates in the development and distance metastasis of tumor by regulating proliferation, apoptosis and migration of tumor cells. The study of the mechanisms that miRNA impacting breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Obesity and breast cancer CAO Heng, XIE Xiao-Dong, LIU Zhao-Zhe 2012, 39 (4): 268-271. Abstract( 708) PDF(973KB) ( 1903) Save Obesity has been identified as one of the risk factors for malignant neoplasms, such as breast cancer. Epidemiological data shows that obesity is closely related to the development and progression of breast cancer. The pathogenesis may involve in estrogen, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and inflammation factors. Therefore, maintain normal body weight may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Tumor microenvironment and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer RONG Guo-Hua, KANG Hua 2012, 39 (4): 272-274. Abstract( 853) PDF(658KB) ( 1978) Save Recently many studies have focused on the roles thattumor microenvironment plays in the occurrence and development of tumors, and the therapeutic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Recent researches show that tumor microenvironment has an obvious impact on the therapeutic effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which mainly includes cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and collagens. Related Articles|Metrics

Resistance mechanisms of trastuzumab and treatment strategies in patients with breast cancer DING Guo-Yu, LIU Xiao 2012, 39 (4): 274-277. Abstract( 959) PDF(866KB) ( 1697) Save In the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) overexpressing breast cancer, some patients have drug resistance to trastuzumab. Potential mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab include impaired access of trastuzumab to Her-2; alternative signaling from insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) and so on; aberrant downstream signaling caused by loss of phosphatase and tensin homologs deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN); phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide gene (PIK3CA) mutation; over-expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and CD44. Additionally, potential strategies for overcoming resistance to trastuzumab include using new targeted medicines, such as pertuzumab, lapatinib and trastuzumab-DM1. Related Articles|Metrics

Targeted treatment strategies for patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2-overexpressingbreast cancer ZHOU Zheng-Shi, LIAO Xiao-Fang 2012, 39 (4): 278-281. Abstract( 879) PDF(862KB) ( 2208) Save Trastuzumab combinedwith chemotherapy improves overall response rate in women with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. However, therapeutic resistance to trastuzumab typically occurs after several months of starting therapy and overall survival does not improve significantly. Studies have reported that the potential mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab are mainly ralated to the signal pathway activation from receptor tyrosine protein kinases outside of the HER family and the amplification of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Novel target therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors are approved as substitutes for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, but the response to each single-agent tends to be short-lived. Several large randomized adjuvant trials have showed that novel molecular targeted therapies combinations will markedly limit or eventually abrogate acquired resistance to primary trastuzumab therapy. Related Articles|Metrics

miRNA and non-small cell lung cancer HE Yan, LIU Yi-Min 2012, 39 (4): 282-285. Abstract( 759) PDF(864KB) ( 1770) Save MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which involve in the regulation after gene transplantation. Researches show that miRNA is closely related to the development and progression of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They caused a significantly change in NSCLC cells through downregulate tumor suppressor gene, or act as oncogene or work on some targets which is important in cell signal pathway, in the end it lead to oncogenesis, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, miRNA will be hopefully used in the diagnose and therapy of cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

VEGF in the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer ZHAO Qiu, GUO Ren-Hua 2012, 39 (4): 286-288. Abstract( 719) PDF(796KB) ( 1674) Save Angiogenesis plays a critical role in growth and metastasis of lung cancer. The strongest tumor angiogenesis factor known is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, anti-VEGF therapy which can restrain tumor angiogenesis is an important form of the targeted therapy of lung cancer. The expression of VEGF is also significant tothe prognosis of lung cancer. Related Articles|Metrics

Surgical treatment of lung cancer in the elderly TAN Yuan-Yuan, ZOU Xin-Xin, XIE Yang, ZHANG Lei 2012, 39 (4): 289-291. Abstract( 774) PDF(798KB) ( 1815) Save Surgery is usually the first choice forpatients with lung cancer, whereas the risk increases with age. A comprehensive evaluation of the patients should be applied in order to bring about the best outcome. By convention, the preoperative assessment includes: neoplasm staging, cardio-respiratory function assessment, nutritional status assessment, etc. The surgical planningincludes limited resection, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and so on. Related Articles|Metrics

Epigenetic regulation and gastric cancer CHEN Ji, LIU Ding-Yi 2012, 39 (4): 292-295. Abstract( 596) PDF(863KB) ( 1903) Save The initiation and development of gastric cancer is due to the effects from both external and internal factors. Recent researches show that external environment factors regulate and controlthe key genes expression during the process of cell’s growth and development through epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation or demethylation, histone modification and small RNA, thus playing an important role in gastric cancer’s occurrence and development. Related Articles|Metrics

Variations of biomarkers in gastrointestinal stromal tumor and prognoses of the patients and targeted drug sensitivity SUN Wen, CHEN Jin-Fei 2012, 39 (4): 295-298. Abstract( 854) PDF(864KB) ( 1911) Save Many researches show that the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) are related to numerous variations of biomarkers such as numeric chromosomal aberrations or nuclear/mitochondrial microsatellite instability. In addition, the changes of proto-oncogene and tumor-suppressor gene are found to influence the prognosis of GIST. The kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor a mutation are correlated with GIST progression, metastasis and targeted drug sensitivity, and then influence the prognosis of GIST. Related Articles|Metrics

Factor analysis of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis after gynecologic oncology surgery QU Hua-Yan, SUN Hong-Li 2012, 39 (4): 299-301. Abstract( 848) PDF(793KB) ( 2097) Save Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) is one of the common complications for postoperative patients with gynecologic oncology, which affect the prognosis of surgical patients seriously. LEDVT mainly caused by vein wall damage of pelvic surgical procedures and lower extremity infusion, slow venous blood flowing leading by anesthesia and bedridden, the hypercoagulability due to fasting before and after surgery and lack of fluid amount. Related Articles|Metrics

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma ZHOU Shi-Qiu, LOU Shi-Feng, LUO Yun 2012, 39 (4): 301-304. Abstract( 1001) PDF(867KB) ( 1745) Save Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only treatment which may cure multiple myeloma (MM). The high transplantation related mortality (TRM) limits the wide clinical application of myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation can reduce the TRM, but the risk of relapse and progress of the disease may get increased. Auto- nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell tandem transplantation can reduce both the TRM and the relapse and progress of the disease. At present, there exist many new methods which may improve the effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for MM in clinical. Related Articles|Metrics

Mechanism and application of NK cell-based adoptive immunotherapy in hematologic tumor FENG Xiu, SU Li-Ping 2012, 39 (4): 304-307. Abstract( 888) PDF(864KB) ( 2014) Save Natural killer (NK) cells are key members of the innate immune system. The capability of NK cells to kill hematological tumor cells mainly depends on the synthesis of stimulatory and inhibitory signals on the cells surface. In recent years, allogeneic haplo- identicalNK cells have shown positive effect of hematologic tumor in hematologic stem cell transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy, and the natural killer cell-based immunotherapy would be applied in clinical. Related Articles|Metrics

Gene mutations and the phenotype of BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms FENG Xiu, OU Yang-Jian, ZHOU Min 2012, 39 (4): 307-310. Abstract( 925) Save JAK2, MPL and TET2 mutations affect a variety of cytokines signal transduction pathway in BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In the influence of mutation load, co-mutationand genetic susceptibility, these mutations can induce different MPN phenotypes, and affect the characteristics of patients, the distribution of peripheral blood cells and prognosis. But how these mutations contribute to disease initiation, development, and transformationneeds further research. Related Articles|Metrics

Molecular targeted therapy of diffuse large B cell lymphoma YANG Guo-Rong, ZHONG Mei-Zuo 2012, 39 (4): 311-315. Abstract( 950) PDF(933KB) ( 2179) Save The diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common adult non-hodgkin's lymphoma. At present, rituximab in combination with CHOP program has significantly improved the prognosis of DLBCL, and about 50% of the DLBCL can be cured. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumor, the refractory and relapsed DLBCL is still lack of effective treatment methods. With the application of gene expression profile (GEP) and the thorough research of the activation of lymphoma cells signal way, a lot of potential therapeutic targets are found. Related Articles|Metrics

Experimental study of emodin inducing apoptosis of bile duct carcinoma cell QBC939 LI Xin-Xing, WANG Jian 2012, 39 (4): 316-320. Abstract( 700) PDF(1588KB) ( 1652) Save Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of emodin inducing the apoptosis of human bile duct carcinoma cell QBC939 in vitro. Methods The inhibition of cell proliferation was detected by MTT. The morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed under fluorescence microscopy. The apoptosis rates and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were detected by flow cytometry. The intracellular relative activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were tested through colorimetric method. Results Emodin inhibited cell proliferation of human bile duct carcinoma cell QBC939 in time-dose dependent fashion. Apoptotic cells displayed bright, nuclear presented divided leaves, debris and cell shrinkage under fluorescence microscopy. Treated with 30 µmol/L and 50 µmol/L emodin, the apoptosis rates of 24 hours were respectively 38.9%±9.07% and 67.09%±4.08% (P<0.05). The intracellular reactive oxygen species levels after 30 minutes treatment were 1.65±0.08 and 2.28±0.04 folds of the control group (P<0.05). Emodin could activate caspase-9 and caspase-3, leading to elevations of their activities (P<0.05). Conclusions Emodin inhibites cell proliferation of human bile duct carcinoma cell QBC939 through inducing apoptosis. The mechanism is associated withthe elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and the activation of caspase-9 cells and caspase-3. Related Articles|Metrics